A complete ecosystem for UPSC Civils and State PSC Preparation

Anand

Indian Polity MCQs – 11 (President)

by
Indian Polity MCQs and Mock Tests

Indian Polity MCQs – 11 (President)

President MCQs with answers and explanations for preparation of UPSC, BPSC, UPPSC and other State PSC Examinations

Free Mock Tests

Build Your Basics

1. The Constitution of India vests the executive powers of the Indian Union in which of the following ?

(a) The prime minister

(b) The president

(c) The council of ministers

(d) The parliament

Correct Answer: (b) The president

  • The President is the head of the Indian State and executive powers of the Indian Union have been vested to the President.
  • President has to exercise the executive powers in consultation with the council of ministers headed by the prime minister.

2. Which one of the following articles deals with the pardoning power of the President?

(a) Article 71

(b) Article 74

(c) Article 72

(d) Article 75

Correct Answer: (c) Article 72

Judicial Powers of President:

  • Appointment of Chief Justice and Supreme Court/High Court Judges.
  • President takes advice from the Supreme Court, however, the advice is not binding.
  • Under article 72, the President has been conferred with power to grant pardon against punishment for an offense against:
    • Union law
    • Punishment by a martial court
    • Death sentence.
  • Pardoning powers of the president includes the following types:
    • Pardon – Removes both the sentence and the conviction and completely absolves the convict from all sentences.
    • Commutation – Substitution of one form of punishment for a lighter form.
    • Remission – Reduces the term of the imprisonment.
    • Respite – Lesser punishment than original punishment by looking at the special condition of a convict(example physical disability, pregnancy etc.)
    • Reprieve – stays the execution of the awarded sentence for a temporary period.
  • The pardoning power is to be exercised by the President on the advice of the union cabinet.
  • The President is not bound to give reasons for his order.
  • The exercise of power by the President is not subject to judicial review except where the presidential decision is arbitrary, irrational or discriminatory.

3. The impeachment of the President is carried by which one of the following?

(a) Attorney general

(b) Members of the legislative

(c) Parliament

(d) Prime minister

Correct Answer: (c) Parliament

  • The President can be removed from office by a process of impeachment for ‘violation of the Constitution’.
  • The impeachment charges can be initiated by either House of Parliament. 
  • These charges should be signed by one-fourth members of the House (that initiated the charges).
  • 14 days’ notice should be given to the President.
  • If the Impeachment resolution is passed by a majority of two-thirds of the total membership of the house in both the houses , then the President stands removed from his office.

4. The vacancy of the office of the President of India must be filled up within ?

(a) 90 days

(b) 6 months

(c) One year

(d) within the period decided by the Parliament

Correct Answer: (b) 6 months

  • An election to fill a vacancy in the office of President occurring because of his death, resignation or removal, or otherwise shall be held as soon as possible and in no case later than six months from, the date of occurrence of the vacancy
  • The person elected to fill the vacancy shall be entitled to hold office for the full term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office.

5. Consider the following statement :

  1. On the expiry of the term of five years by the President of India, the outgoing President must continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office.
  2. The Electoral College for the President’s election consists of the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of Delhi and Puducherry also.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

(a) Only 1

(b) Only 2

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2

  •  On the expiry of the term of five years by the President of India, the outgoing President must continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office.
  • The electoral college responsible for President’s elections comprises elected members of:
    • Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
    • Legislative Assemblies of the states (Members of Legislative Councils are not eligible)
    • Legislative Assemblies of the Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry

6. Who has the right to seek an advisory opinion of the Supreme Court of India, on any question of law ?

(a) Prime Minister

(b) President

(c) Any of the high courts

(d) All of the above

Correct Answer: (b) President

  • The President can take advice from the Supreme Court on any question of law, however, the advice given by the Supreme Court is not binding on him.

7. If the position of President and Vice-President are vacant, who officiates as the President of India ?

(a) The Prime Minister

(b) The Chief Justice of India

(c) The Speaker of Lok Sabha

(d) None of these

Correct Answer: (b) The Chief Justice of India

  • If the Vice-President office is vacant, Chief Justice of India (CJI) or in his absence, Supreme Court’s senior-most judge, discharges the functions of the President till a new President is elected.

8. The President of India has emergency powers of ?

(a) Two types

(b) Three types

(c) Four types

(d) Five types

Correct Answer: (b) Three types

  • The President of India can declare the following three types of emergencies:
    • National Emergency (Mentioned under Article 352)
    • President’s Rule (Mentioned under Article 356 & 365)
    • Financial Emergency (Mentioned under Article 360)

9. How many times can the President of India be re-elected to his post?

(a) Once

(b) 2 times

(c) 3 times

(d) Any numbers of time

Correct Answer: (d) Any numbers of time

  • The President serves a term of five years from the date they take office. 
  • The President  can resign anytime by sending a resignation letter to the Vice-President. 
  • The President can be removed from office through the process of impeachment before the completion of their term. 
  • The President can remain in office until their successor takes over.
  • The President is eligible for re-election for any number of terms. However, in the United States, a person cannot be elected as President more than twice.

10. Who held the office of the Vice-President of India for two consecutive terms?

(a) Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

(b) Mr. R. Venkataraman

(c) Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma

(d) Mr. V.V. Giri

Correct Answer: (a) Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

  • Dr. Radhakrishnan held the office of the Vice-President of India for two consecutive terms  from 1952 to 1962. 
  • Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was an Indian philosopher and statesman who was the first Vice President of India and the second President of India from 1962 to 1967.

More questions are coming soon. Join us on Whatsapp for latest updates: Join CivilsCracker on Whatsapp

Also Read in Indian Polity MCQs :

Indian Polity MCQs – 10 (Fundamental Duties)

by
Indian Polity MCQs and Mock Tests

Indian Polity MCQs – 10 (Fundamental Duties)

Fundamental Duties MCQs with answers and explanations for preparation of UPSC, BPSC, UPPSC and other State PSC Examinations

Chapterwise MCQs

Short Notes

1. Which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution contains Fundamental Duties?

(a) 45 A

(b) 51 A

(c) 42

(d) 30B

Correct Answer: (b) 51 A

  • The Fundamental Duties of citizens are mentioned in Article 51 A of the Indian Constitution.

2. The Fundamental Duties are mentioned in:

(a) Part-IV(A)

(b) Part-IV

(c) Part-III

(d) Part-VI(A)

Correct Answer: (a) Part-IV(A)

  • The Fundamental Duties of citizens are mentioned in Part-IV A of the Indian Constitution.

3. Which of the following are Fundamental Duties?

(a) Safeguarding public property

(b) Protecting the sovereignty, integrity and unity of India

(c) Developing scientific temper and humanism

(d) All the above

Correct Answer: (d) All the above

  •  Fundamental Duties as mentioned in the constitution states that It shall be the duty of every citizen of India:
    • To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem
    • To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom
    • To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India
    • To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so
    • To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities, to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women
    • To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture
    • To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures
    • To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform
    • To safeguard public property and to abjure violence
    • To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement
    • Who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.

4. Which of the following committees suggested the incorporation of Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution?

(a) Malhotra Committee

(b) Raghavan Committee

(c) Swaran Singh Committee

(d) Narasimhan Committee

Correct Answer: (c) Swaran Singh Committee

  • Fundamental Duties were incorporated in the Indian Constitution by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act, 1976 upon the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.

5. The Fundamental Duties were included in the Constitution of India by which of the following Amendment Act?

(a) 40th Amendment Act

(b) 44th Amendment Act

(c) 43rd Amendment Act

(d) 42nd Amendment Act

Correct Answer: (d) 42nd Amendment Act

  • Fundamental Duties were incorporated in the Indian Constitution by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act, 1976.

6. Which of the following are Fundamental Duties of an Indian citizen according to Article 51-A of the Constitution?

  1. To believe in socialism, secularism and democracy
  2. To abide by the Constitution and respect the National Flag and the National Anthem
  3. To protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India
  4. To preserve the rich heritage of the country’s composite culture
  5. To help the poor and weaker sections of the society

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(a) 1, 2 and 3

(b) 2, 3 and 4

(c) 3, 4 and 5

(d) 1, 4 and 5

Correct Answer: (b) 2, 3 and 4

    •  To believe in socialism, secularism and democracy is not a Fundamental Duty.
    • To help the poor and weaker sections of the society is not a Fundamental Duty.
  • Fundamental duties:
    • To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem
    • To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom
    • To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India
    • To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so
    • To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities, to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women
    • To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture
    • To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures
    • To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform
    • To safeguard public property and to abjure violence
    • To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement
    • Who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.

7. Which of the following statements regarding the Fundamental Duties contained in the Indian Constitution are correct?

  1. Fundamental duties can be enforced through writ jurisdiction.
  2. Fundamental duties are part of the Indian Constitution since its adoption.
  3. Fundamental duties became a part of the Constitution in accordance with the recommendations of the sardar Swaran Singh Committee.
  4. Fundamental duties are applicable only to citizens of India.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(a) 1, 2 and 3

(b) 1, 2 and 4

(c) 2 and 3

(d) 3 and 4

Correct Answer: (d) 3 and 4

  • Fundamental duties are non justiciable in nature and hence can not be enforced through writ jurisdiction.
  • Fundamental Duties were incorporated in the Indian Constitution by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act, 1976. 
  • Fundamental duties became a part of the Constitution in accordance with the recommendations of the sardar Swaran Singh Committee.
  • Fundamental duties are applicable only to citizens of India and not to the aliens.

8. Which of the following duties have been prescribed by the Indian Constitution as Fundamental Duties ?

  1. To defend the country
  2. To pay income tax
  3. To preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture
  4. To safeguard public property

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 2 and 4

(c) 1, 2 and 4

(d) 1, 3 and 4

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 3 and 4

  • Fundamental duties:
    • To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem
    • To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom
    • To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India
    • To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so
    • To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities, to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women
    • To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture
    • To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures
    • To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform
    • To safeguard public property and to abjure violence
    • To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement
    • Who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.
  • To pay the income tax is not a fundamental duty.

9. In which of the following years the Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution of India?

(a) 1965

(b) 1976

(c) 1979

(d) 1982

Correct Answer: (b) 1976

  • Fundamental Duties were incorporated in the Indian Constitution by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act, 1976.

10. Which one among the following is a Fundamental Duties of citizens under the Constitution of India ?

(a) To provide cooperation to the people of the neighboring countries

(b) To protect monuments of national importance

(c) To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so

(d) To know more and more about the history and culture of India

Correct Answer: (c) To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so

  •  “To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so” is a Fundamental Duty.
  • “To protect monuments of national importance” is part of Directive principles of State Policy.

More questions are coming soon. Join us on Whatsapp for latest updates: Join CivilsCracker on Whatsapp

Also Read in Indian Polity MCQs :

Chapterwise MCQs

Short Notes

Indian Polity MCQs – 9 (Directive principles of state policy)

by
Indian Polity MCQs and Mock Tests

Indian Polity MCQs – 9 (Directive principles of state policy)

Directive principles of state policy MCQs with answers and explanations for preparation of UPSC, BPSC, UPPSC and other State PSC Examinations

Chapterwise MCQs

Short Notes

1. Directive principles of State Policy are mentioned in which part of the Indian constitution ?

(a) Part I

(b) Part VI

(c) Part VIII

(d) Part IV

Correct Answer: (d) Part IV

  • The directive principles of state policy provisions are contained in part IV (Article 36-51) of the Constitution of India.

2. Concept of welfare state in Indian Constitution is included in

(a) Fundamental Rights

(b) Directive Principles of State Policy

(c) Citizenship

(d) Provision of Election Commission

Correct Answer: (b) Directive Principles of State Policy

  • The directive principles of state policy are the guidelines given to the central and state government of India to establish a welfare state.
  • Dr. B.R. Ambedkar described these principles as ‘novel features’ of the Indian Constitution.
  • DPSPs are borrowed from the Irish Constitution.

3. The purpose of the inclusion of directive principles of state policy in the Indian constitution is to establish?

(a) Political Democracy

(b) Social Democracy

(c) Canadian Democracy

(d) Social and Economic Democracy

Correct Answer: (d) Social and Economic Democracy

  • The directive principles of state policy are the constitutional instructions to the State in legislative, executive and administrative matters.
  • They lay down the framework of a democratic socialist state, aiming at providing social and economic justice, and setting the path towards a welfare state.

4. Which part of the Constitution of India refers to the responsibility of the state towards international peace and security ?

(a) Fundamental Rights

(b) Directive Principles of state policy

(c) Emergency provisions

(d) Preamble to the constitution

Correct Answer: (b) Directive Principles of State Policy

  • Directive principles of state policy under article Article 51 states to promote international peace and security and maintain just and honorable relations between nations
  • To foster respect for international law and treaty obligations, and to encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration.

5. Which of the following is/are included in the Directive Principle of state policy?

  1. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced laborers.
  2. Prohibition of consumption of intoxicating drinks and of other drugs which are injurious to health except for medicinal purposes

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (b) 2 only

  • The directive Principles instruct the state to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health by prohibiting consumption of intoxicating drinks and of other drugs which are injurious to health except for medicinal purposes.
  • Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced laborers is part of fundamental rights.

6. Which of the following statements about a uniform civil code is/are correct?

  1. A uniform civil code is a fundamental right of the citizens.
  2. The provision regarding a uniform civil code is contained in Part III of the constitution.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(a) Only 1

(b) Only 2

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2

  • Uniform civil code is part of directive Principles of state policy mentioned in Article 44 of part 4 of the constitution.
  • Article 44 instructs the state to secure for all citizens a uniform civil code throughout the country.
  • They are non-justiciable in nature.

7. Directive Principles of State Policy direct the State for which of the following?

  1. To minimize inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities
  2. To separate judiciary from executive
  3. To protect the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 2 and 3

(c) 1 and 3

(d) 1, 2, and 3

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3

  • Directive Principles of State Policy direct the State:
    • To promote the welfare of the people by securing social economic and political justice and to minimize inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportuni-ties(Article 38).
    • To separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State (Article 50).
    • To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife (Article 48 A).

8. Which of the following are included in the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Constitution of India?

  1. To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor
  2. To make provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
  3. To Protect the monuments of national importance

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 2 and 3

(c) 1 and 3

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3

  • Directive Principles of State Policy direct the State:
    • To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor (Article 39 A).
    • To make provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief (Article 42).
    • To protect monuments, places and objects of artistic or historic interest which are declared to be of national importance (Article 49).
  •  

9. Consider the following statements:

Directive principles of State Policy are :

  1. Non amendable
  2. Non justiciable
  3. Fundamental in the governance of the country

Which of the above statements are correct?

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 1 and 3

(c) 2 and 3

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (c) 2 and 3

  • Directive principles of State Policy are fundamental in the governance of the country however they are not enforceable by courts(hence, non justiciable).
  • Directive principles of State Policy can be amended. The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added four new Directive Principles to the original list. They require the State:
    • To secure opportunities for the healthy development of children (Article 39).
    • To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor (Article 39 A).
    • To take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries (Article 43 A).
    • To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife (Article 48 A).
  • The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 added one more directive principle, which requires the State to minimize inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities (Article 38).
  • The 97th Amendment Act of 2011 added a new directive principle relating to cooperative societies.

10. Which directive principle among the following was added to the Directive Principles of State Policy by the 42nd Amendment to the Constitution ?

(a) Equal pay for equal work for both men and women

(b) Participation of workers in the management of industries

(c) Right to work, education and public assistance

(d) Securing living wage and human conditions of work to workers

Correct Answer: (b) Participation of workers in the management of industries

  • The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added four new Directive Principles to the original list. They require the State:
    • To secure opportunities for the healthy development of children (Article 39).
    • To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor (Article 39 A).
    • To take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries (Article 43 A).
    • To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife (Article 48 A).

More questions are coming soon. Join us on Whatsapp for latest updates: Join CivilsCracker on Whatsapp

Also Read in Indian Polity MCQs :

Chapterwise MCQs

Short Notes

Indian Polity MCQs – 8 (Fundamental Rights)

by
Indian Polity MCQs and Mock Tests

Indian Polity MCQs – 8 (Fundamental Rights)

Fundamental Rights MCQs with answers and explanations for preparation of UPSC, BPSC, UPPSC and other State PSC Examinations

Chapterwise MCQs

Short Notes

1. In which part of the Indian Constitution, the Fundamental Rights are provided ?

(a) Part II

(b) Part III

(c) Part V

(d) Part IV

Correct Answer: (b) Part III

  • Part III of the Indian Constitution mentions about the Fundamental Rights of the citizens. 

2. According to the Constitution of India, which of the following rights is not included in the right to equality ?

(a) Equality before law

(b) Absolute equality

(c) Equality of opportunity

(d) Abolition of untouchability

Correct Answer: (b) Absolute equality

  • Right to Equality is the Fundamental Right mentioned in article 14 to article 18 of the constitution. 
  • It provides following rights to the citizens:
    • Equality before law (Article – 14) 
    • Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth(Article – 15)
    • Equal opportunity in public employment (Article – 16)
    • Abolition of untouchability (Article – 17)
    • Abolition of titles (Article – 18) 
  • According to the Constitution of India, the right to equality does not include absolute equality.

3. Which fundamental rights cannot be suspended even during an emergency?

(a) Right to Speech

(b) Right to Religion

(c) Right to Equality

(d) Right to Life and Personal Liberty

Correct Answer: (d) Right to Life and Personal Liberty

  • Right to Life and Personal Liberty cannot be suspended even during an emergency. 

4. Which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution contain the Right to Religious Freedom?

(a) Articles 25-28

(b) Articles 29-30

(c) Articles 32-35

(d) Articles 23-24

Correct Answer: (a) Articles 25-28

  • Articles 25-28 of the Indian Constitution contains the Right to Religious Freedom.
  • Article 25:  Subject to public order, morality and health and to the other provisions of this Part, all persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right freely to profess, practice and propagate religion. 
  • Article 26: Subject to public order, morality and health, every religious denomination shall have the right 
    • (a) To establish and maintain institutions for religious and charitable purposes
    • (b) To manage its own affairs in matters of religion 
    • (c) To own and acquire movable and immovable property
    • (d) To administer such property in accordance with the law.
  • Article 27: No person shall be compelled to pay any taxes, the proceeds of which are specifically appropriated in payment of expenses for the promotion or maintenance of any particular religion or religious denomination.
  • Article 28: (1) No religious instruction shall be provided in any educational institution wholly maintained out of State funds. (2) Nothing in clause (1) shall apply to an educational institution that is administered by the State but has been established under any endowment or trust which requires that religious instruction shall be imparted in such institution. (3) No person attending any educational institution recognised by the State or receiving aid out of State funds shall be required to take part in any religious instruction that may be imparted in such institution or to attend any religious worship that may be conducted in such institution.

5. Which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution guarantees ‘Equality Before the Law and Equal Protection of Law within the Territory of India’?

(a) 15

(b) 14

(c) 17

(d) 18

Correct Answer: (b) Article 14

  • Article 14 of the Indian Constitution guarantees equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.

6. Which Article of the Indian Constitution abolishes Untouchability?

(a) Article 18

(b) Article 15

(c) Article 14

(d) Article 17

Correct Answer: (d) Article 17

  • Article 17 of the Indian Constitution abolishes Untouchability. 
  • It states: “Untouchability” is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden. 
  • The enforcement of any disability arising out of “Untouchability” shall be an offense punishable in accordance with the law.

7. Which of the following is correct with respect to “Right Against Exploitation”?

(a) Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labor

(b) Freedom as to payment of taxes for the promotion of any particular religion

(c) Protection of  interests of minorities

(d) Equality before the law

Correct Answer: (a) Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labor

  • Articles 23-24 of the Indian Constitution contains the Right Against Exploitation.
  • Article 23: 
    • (1) Traffic in human beings and the beggar and other similar forms of forced labor are prohibited and any contravention of this provision shall be an offense punishable in accordance with the law. 
    • (2) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from imposing compulsory service for public purposes and in imposing such service the State shall not make any discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste or class or any of them.
  • Article 24: No child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment.

8. Free & Compulsory education to all children from 6-14 years age was made a fundamental right by which of the following amendments?

(a) 82nd

(b) 83rd

(c) 84th

(d) 86th

Correct Answer: (d) 86th

  • Eighty-Sixth Amendment Act, 2002 made elementary education a fundamental right. 
  • The newly-added Article 21-A declared that “the State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may determine”.

9. Which one of the following rights was described by Dr. Ambedkar as ‘The heart and soul of the Constitution’ ?

(a) Right of Equality

(b) Right to freedom

(c) Right to property

(d) Right to Constitutional Remedies

Correct Answer: (d) Right to Constitutional Remedies

  • Article 32 provides the right of constitutional remedies which means that a person has the right to move to the Supreme Court and High Court for getting his fundamental rights protected.
  • This article was described by Dr. Ambedkar as ‘The heart and soul of the Constitution’.

10. Which of the following writs means ‘to be informed’?

(a) Quo-Warranto

(b)  Prohibition

(c)  Mandamus

(d)  Certiorari

Correct Answer: (d)  Certiorari

  • Certiorari means ‘to be certified’ or ‘to be informed’. 
  • It is issued by a higher court to a lower court asking to transfer a case pending with the latter to itself or to squash the order of the latter in a case. 
  • It is usually issued in case of excess of jurisdiction or lack of jurisdiction exercised by the lower court, or an error of law.

More questions are coming soon. Join us on Whatsapp for latest updates: Join CivilsCracker on Whatsapp

Also Read in Indian Polity MCQs :

Chapterwise MCQs

Short Notes

Indian Polity MCQs – 7 (Citizenship)

by
Indian Polity MCQs and Mock Tests

Indian Polity MCQs – 7 (Citizenship)

Citizenship MCQs with answers and explanations for preparation of UPSC, BPSC, UPPSC and other State PSC Examinations

Chapterwise MCQs

Short Notes

1. Which one of the following is not a feature of the Indian Constitution ?

(a) Federal Government

(b) Independence of Judiciary

(c) Parliamentary Government

(d) Dual Citizenship

Correct Answer: (d) Dual Citizenship

  • Though the Indian Constitution is federal and envisages a dual polity (Centre and states), it provides for only a single citizenship.
  • There is no separate state citizenship.
  • In the USA, each person is not only a citizen of the USA but also of the particular state to which he belongs.
  • In India, all citizens irrespective of the state in which they are born or reside enjoy the same political and civil rights of citizenship

2. In which part of the Constitution, details related to citizenship are mentioned?

(a) Part I

(b) Part II

(c) Part III

(d) Part IV

Correct Answer: (b) Part II

  • Details of Citizenship are mentioned in part ll(Article 5-11) of the constitution.

3. Which of the following statements are true regarding the citizenship of India?

  1. A citizen of India is anyone born on or after 26th January 1950 
  2. Anyone born before July 1, 1987 is Indian citizen by birth irrespective of his parents nationality

(a) Only 1

(b) Only 2

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2

  • The Constitution deals with citizenship from Articles 5 to 11 under Part 2 .
  • However, it neither contains any detailed provisions in this regard. 
  • It only identifies the persons who became citizens of India at its commencement (i.e., on January 26, 1950).
  • A person born in India on or after 26th January 1950 but before 1st July, 1987 is a citizen of India by birth irrespective of the nationality of his parents.

4. Indian constitution took the concept of single citizenship from?

(a) USA

(b) UK

(c) Australia

(d) Japan

Correct Answer: (b) UK

  • Though the Indian Constitution is federal in nature and envisages a dual polity (Centre and states), it provides for only a single citizenship.
  • The concept of single citizenship in India has been inspired from the United Kingdom’s constitution. 
  • The other federal states like the USA and Switzerland, on the other hand, have adopted the system of dual citizenship.

5. In which list of the Indian Constitution is the Citizenship included?

(a) State List

(b) Union List

(c) Concurrent List

(d) None of the above

Correct Answer: (b) Union List

  • Citizenship is listed in the Union List under the Constitution of India. 
  • Indian Constitution empowers the Parliament to enact a law on the matters relating to citizenship.
  • Accordingly, the Parliament has enacted the Citizenship Act (1955), which has been amended from time to time.

6. The Constitution defines citizens as ?

(a) Any person born in India

(b) Any person who spends more than 5 years in India

(c) Any person who is born in India or his/her parents are born in India

(d) Constitution does not define citizen

Correct Answer: (d) Constitution does not define citizen

  • The Constitution does not define the term ‘Citizen’.
  • It only identifies the persons who became citizens of India at its commencement (i.e., on January 26, 1950) in part 2, however, It does not deal with the issue of acquisition or loss of citizenship after its commencement.
  • It empowers the Parliament to enact a law on the matters relating to citizenship.
  • Accordingly, the Parliament has enacted the Citizenship Act (1955), which has been amended from time to time as per the needs of time.

7. Which article of the Constitution contains the provisions of citizenship to persons migrated to India from Pakistan?

(a) Article 5

(b) Article 6

(c) Article 7

(d) Article 8

Correct Answer: (b) Article 6

  • Article 6 provides for the rights of citizenship of certain people who have migrated to India from Pakistan.

8. Indian citizenship can be acquired through which of the following?

  1. By descent
  2. By naturalization
  3. By registration
  4. All of the above

Correct Answer: (d) All of the above

  • The Citizenship Act, 1955 provides for acquisition and loss of citizenship after the commencement of the Constitution.
  • It prescribes five ways of acquiring the Indian citizenship:
    • Birth
    • Descent
    • Registration
    • Naturalization 
    • Incorporation of territory

9. Under the Citizenship Act, 1955, In which of the following ways can a person become a citizen of India?

  1. By Birth
  2. By Descent
  3. By Registration
  4. By Nationalization
  5. By Incorporation of territory

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(a) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

(b) 1 and 2

(c) 1, 2, 3 and 5

(d) 3, 4 and 5

Correct Answer: (c) 1, 2, 3 and 5

  • The Citizenship Act, 1955 provides for acquisition and loss of citizenship after the commencement of the Constitution.
  • It prescribes five ways of acquiring the Indian citizenship:
    • Birth
    • Descent
    • Registration
    • Naturalization 
    • Incorporation of territory
  • Naturalization, Not Nationalization, is a way of acquiring Indian citizenship.

10. Which of the following statements is true regarding Citizenship Amendment Act 2019?

  1. It makes amendments in the Citizenship Act 1955.
  2. It provides for Indian Citizenship to persecuted religious minorities from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan who are mainly Muslim

(a) Only 1

(b) Only 2

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) None of the above

Correct Answer: (a) Only 1

  • Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 amends the Citizenship Act of 1955. 
  • It provides for Indian citizenship for persecuted religious minorities from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan who are Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis or Christians but not Muslims. 
  • They must have entered India before December 2014. 

More questions are coming soon. Join us on Whatsapp for latest updates: Join CivilsCracker on Whatsapp

Also Read in Indian Polity MCQs :

Chapterwise MCQs

Short Notes

Indian Polity MCQs – 6 (Union and it’s Territory)

by
Indian Polity MCQs and Mock Tests

Indian Polity MCQs – 6 (Union and it’s Territory)

Union and it’s Territory MCQs with answers and explanations for preparation of UPSC, BPSC, UPPSC and other State PSC Examinations

Chapterwise MCQs

Short Notes

1. In the Constitution of India, The term ‘Federal’ is mentioned in :

(a) Preamble

(b) Part-III of the Constitution 

(c) Article 368 of the Constitution 

(d) Not mentioned anywhere

Correct Answer:  (d) Not mentioned anywhere

  • Term ‘Federal’ is not mentioned in the constitution.
  • Article – 1 describes India ‘that is Bharat’  as a ‘Union of States’ .
  • Reasons for calling India ‘Union’ and NOT a Federation:
    •  India is not the result of an agreement among the states like the American Federation.
    • In India, The states can not break away from the union. The Union is indestructible which integrates various destructible states.

2. Consider the following statements with reference to the linguistic reorganization of states in independent India:

  1. The separate state of Andhra for the Telugu people came into existence in 1953.
  2. Jawaharlal Nehru was particularly in favor of the movement for linguistic reorganization of states that came in the wake of the success of the Andhra movement.

Which one of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) Only 1

(b) Only 2

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (a) Only 1

  • The separate state of Andhra for the Telugu people came into existence in 1953.
  • The Linguistic Provinces committee consisting of Jawahar Lal Nehru, Sardar Vallahbhai Patel and Pattabhi Sitaramayya, submitted its report in April 1949.
  • It rejected language as the basis for reorganization of states.

3. Consider the following statements:

  1. Parliament can increase the area of any state without the consent of the state legislature.
  2. Parliament can alter the name of any state without the consent of the state legislature.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: (c) Both 1 and 2

  • Constitution of India rants following powers to the Parliament:
    • Parliament can form a new state by separating any territory from any state or by uniting two or more states
    • Parliament can form a new state by uniting any territory to any state
    • Parliament can increase the area of any state
    • Parliament can decrease the area of any state
    • Parliament can alter the boundaries of any state
    • Parliament can alter the name of any state.

A bill which proposes any of the above changes can be introduced in the Parliament only with the prior recommendation of the President. However, The President/Parliament is not bound by the views expressed by the state legislature and may either completely or partially accept or reject them.

4. In which schedule of Indian Constitution, the territorial extent of Indian states and union Territories is prescribed?

(a) 1st schedule 

(b) 2nd schedule 

(c) 3rd schedule 

(d) 4th schedule

Correct Answer: (a) 1st schedule

  • First schedule lists the states and territories of India.
  • Currently in 2023, there are 28 states and 8 Union territories in the country. 
  • Before 2019, there were 29 states in India, however, In 2019, Parliament passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, which  reorganized the state of J&K into two union territories – Jammu and Kashmir in the west and Ladakh in the east, with effect from 31 October 2019.

5. Consider the following statements:

  1. The Parliament is empowered to alter the boundaries of any existing State of India.
  2. A Bill pertaining to the alteration of the boundaries of any existing State of India can be introduced only in the Rajya Sabha with the prior recommendation of the President.

Which one of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a)  Only 1

(b)  Only 2

(c)  Both 1 and 2    

(d)  Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (a) Only 1

  • The Parliament is empowered to alter the boundaries of any existing State of India.
  • A Bill pertaining to the alteration of the boundaries of any existing State of India can be introduced in any house of the parliament with the prior recommendation of the President.

6. The boundary of a State in India can be altered through the procedure laid down in:

(a)  Article 368              

(b)  Article 130

(c)  Article 70                     

(d)  Article 3

Correct Answer: (d) Article 3

  • Article – 3 enables Parliament to alter the boundaries of any state.
  • A bill which proposes to alter the boundaries of any state can be introduced in the Parliament only with the prior recommendation of the President.
  • Before recommending the bill to Parliament, the President has to refer the same to the concerned state legislature for expressing its views within a specified period of time. 
  • The President/Parliament is not bound by the views expressed by the state legislature and may either completely or partially accept or reject them.

7. Who among the following was the head of the Linguistic Provinces Commission formed in the year 1948, to enquire into the desirability of linguistic provinces?

(a)  Jawaharlal Nehru                       

(b)  Justice S.K. Dhar

(c)  Justice Fazi Alt                         

(d)  Pattabhi Sitaramayya

Correct Answer: (b)  Justice S.K. Dhar

  • After the prolonged demand for reorganization of states on linguistic basis by various South Indian states, the Government of India appointed the Linguistic Provinces Commission under the chairmanship of S.K. Dhar to examine the viability of this.
  • However, the commission in its report rejected the idea of linguistic reorganization and recommended the reorganization of states on the basis of administrative convenience.

8. In 1953, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru formed a Commission to study the reorganization of states on a linguistic basis under the chairmanship of:

(a)  T.T. Krishnamachari                    

(b)  Vallabhbhai Patel

(c)  Fazl Ali                       

(d)  G.B. Pant

Correct Answer: (c)  Fazl Ali     

  • Following the Prolonged agitation and the death of Potti Sriramulu, the Government of India created the first linguistic state, known as Andhra state, by separating the Telugu speaking areas from the Madras state.
  • This further  intensified the demand from other regions for creation of states on linguistic basis.
  • Hence, the Government appointed a three member states Reorganisation Commission under the chairmanship of Fazl Ali and other two members being K.M. Panikkar and H.N. Kunzru.
  • The Commission submitted its report in September 1955 and on the whole accepted the linguistic reorganization of states.
  • Government of India accepted most of the recommendations of states Reorganisation Commission and Parliament passed States Reorganisation Act, 1956 and the 7th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1956.
  • This led to the creation of 14 states and 6 union territories on 1st November, 1956.

9. The Parliament of India passed the States Reorganisation Act in 1956 which created : 

(a)  16 States and 3 Union Territories         

(b)  15 States and 5 Union Territories

(c)  14 States and 6 Union Territories         

(d)  24 States and 9 Union Territories

Correct Answer:  (c)  14 States and 6 Union Territories   

  • States Reorganisation Act, 1956 created 14 states and 6 union territories.
  • More details in above question

10. The States of the India can be reorganized or their boundaries altered by:

(a)  The Union Parliament with a simple majority in the ordinary process of legislation.

(b) Two-thirds majority of both the Houses of Parliament.

(c) Two-thirds majority of both the Houses of Parliament and the consent of the legislature of the concerned States.

(d)  An executive order of the Union Government with the consent of the concerned State Governments.

Correct Answer: (a)  The Union Parliament with a simple majority in the ordinary process of legislation.

  • As per Article – 4,  laws made for the establishment of new states or changing the  areas, boundaries or names of existing states under Articles 2 OR 3 shall not be considered as amendments of the Constitution under Article 368.
  • Such laws can be passed by a simple majority and by following ordinary legislative process. However, prior recommendation of the President will be mandatory as mentioned above.

More questions are coming soon. Join us on Whatsapp for latest updates: Join CivilsCracker on Whatsapp

Also Read in Indian Polity MCQs :

Chapterwise MCQs

Short Notes

Union and Its Territory(Part – 1 of the Constitution) | Indian Polity notes

by
Indian Polity and Constitution

Union and Its Territory(Part - 1 of the Constitution)

Read in detail about the Union and Its Territory(Part – 1 of the Constitution)

Build Your Basics

Free Mock Tests

The first part of the Indian Constitution contains Articles 1 to 4. It deals with the Indian Union and its territories.

Let’s study them one and by one.

Article – 1 : 

  • It describes India ‘that is Bharat’  as a ‘Union of States’ and mentions the  territorial extent of India.
  • Although the Indian Constitution is federal in structure, the country is described as ‘Union’ in the constitution.
  • Reasons for calling India ‘Union’ and NOT a Federation:
    •  India is not the result of an agreement among the states like the American Federation.
    • In India, The states have no right to break away from the union. The Union is indestructible which integrates various destructible states.
  • Territory of India can be categorized into three different categories: 
    • Territories of the states.
    • Union territories.
    • Territories that may be acquired by India at any time as India is a sovereign nation.

Article – 2 : 

  • Grants two powers to the Parliament:
    • The power to admit into the Union of India new states.
    • The power to create entirely new states which might not be part of India previously. For example, Sikkim through a plebiscite, was made a part of India. 

Article – 3 : 

  • Grants following powers to the Parliament:
    • Parliament can form a new state by separating any territory from any state or by uniting two or more states
    • Parliament can form a new state by uniting any territory to any state
    • Parliament can increase the area of any state
    • Parliament can decrease the area of any state
    • Parliament can alter the boundaries of any state
    • Parliament can alter the name of any state.
  • However, the powers granted under article 3 are not absolute and the constitution adds following restrictions while proving above powers to parliament:
    • A bill which proposes any of the above changes can be introduced in the Parliament only with the prior recommendation of the President.
    • Before recommending the bill to Parliament, the President has to refer the same to the concerned state legislature for expressing its views within a specified period of time. 
    • The President/Parliament is not bound by the views expressed by the state legislature and may either completely or partially accept or reject them.
    • In case of a union territory with legislature like Delhi and Puducherry, the constitution clarifies that no such reference is required.

Article 3 has provided such powers to the parliament so that it can redraw the political map of India according to the demands of time and administrative convenience. 

A recent example is the formation of Ladakh as a union territory from the state of Jammu and Kashmir aimed to improve governance and cater to the needs of Ladakh’s people and at the same time highlighting that the unity and integrity of India is paramount.

As the territorial integrity of any Indian state is not guaranteed by the constitution hence India is described as ‘an indestructible union of destructible states’.

As the territorial integrity of the states in the USA is guaranteed by the Constitution, Hence, the USA is described as ‘an indestructible union of indestructible states.’ 

Article – 4 : 

  • It clarifies that the laws made for the establishment of new states or changing the  areas, boundaries or names of existing states under Articles 2 OR 3 shall not be considered as amendments of the Constitution under Article 368.
  • Such laws can be passed by a simple majority and by following ordinary legislative process. However, prior recommendation of the President will be mandatory as mentioned above.

Can Parliament cede/transfer Indian territory to any foreign country?

  • In Berubari Union case of 1960, The Supreme Court ruled that the power of parliament under Article 3 does not provide for the cession of Indian territory to a foreign country. 
  • Hence, Indian territory can only be transferred to a foreign state by amending the Constitution under Article 368.
  • The Supreme Court in 1969 ruled that the settlement of a boundary dispute between India and other countries does not require a constitutional amendment. It can be done by executive action.

Also Read in CivilsCracker Explains : Indian Polity

Indian Polity MCQs – 5 (Preamble of the Indian constitution)

by
Indian Polity MCQs and Mock Tests

Indian Polity MCQs – 5 (Preamble of the Indian constitution)

Preamble of the Indian constitution MCQs with answers and explanations for preparation of UPSC, BPSC, UPPSC and other State PSC Examinations

Chapterwise MCQs

Short Notes

1. Which of the following describes India as a secular state?

(a) Fundamental rights

(b) Directive principles of state policy

(c) Fifth schedule

(d) Preamble of the constitution

Correct Answer – (d) Preamble of the constitution

  • The Preamble of our constitution declares India to be a secular state.
  • The term ‘Secular’ was added to the Preamble by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976.
  • Indian secularism is influenced by the core Gandhian principle of ‘Sarva Dharma Sambhava’ meaning ‘equal respect for all religions.

2. Which of the following amendment acts amended the Preamble of the Indian constitution?

(a) 44th Amendment act

(b) 42nd Amendment act

(c) 56th Amendment act

(d) It has never been amended

Correct Answer – (b) 42nd Amendment act

  • So far, the Preamble has been amended only once by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, which added three new words:
    1. Socialist
    2. Secular
    3. Integrity

3. The Supreme Court held that the Preamble is not a part of the constitution in which of the following cases/case?

(a) Berubari Union case (1960)

(b) Unni Krishnan vs Union of India

(c) Minerva Mills vs. The union of India and other states

(d) Sunil Batra vs. Delhi government

Correct Answer –  (a) Berubari Union case (1960)

  • In the Berubari union Case Supreme Court held that Preamble is not a part of the Constitution of India. The Supreme Court gave its judgment in 1960.
  • However, In the historic Kesavananda Bharati case (1973), The Supreme Court held that the Preamble is a part of the Constitution and reversed its previous opinion given in the Berubari Union case.

4. Consider the following statements about the Preamble of the Constitution and state which of them are correct with the help of given codes : 

  1. The objective resolution proposed by Pt. Nehru ultimately became the Preamble.
  2. It is not justiciable in nature.
  3. It cannot be amended.

Codes:

(a) 1 & 2 only

(b) 1,2 and 3 only

(c) 2 and 4 only

(d) All of the above

Correct Answer – (a) 1 & 2 only

  • The Preamble of our Constitution is based on the ‘Objectives Resolution’, drafted by Pandit Nehru and adopted by the Constituent Assembly in 1946.
  • In Kesavananda Bharati Vs The State of Kerala case, it was laid down by the Supreme Court that the Preamble of the Indian Constitution can be amended under article 368.
  • However those parts of the preamble which contain basic features can not be amended.
  • Preamble is not justiciable in nature.

5. The Preamble of the Indian constitution originally adopted on 26th November 1949 did not include the terms :

  1. Socialist
  2. Secular
  3. Integrity
  4. Republic

Select the correct answer from the codes given below :

(a) 1, 2 and 3

(b) 2, 3 and 4

(c) 1, 2 and 4

(d) 3 and 4

Correct Answer – (a) 1, 2 and 3

  • Three words ‘Socialist’, ‘Secular’ and ‘Integrity’ in the preamble of Indian constitution were added by 42nd amendment Act of 1976.

6. The idea of preamble has been borrowed in Indian Constitution from the Constitution of 

(a) Italy

(b) Canada 

(c) France 

(d) U.S.A.

Correct Answer – (d) U.S.A.

  • The idea of preamble to the Indian constitution has been borrowed from the constitution of the United States of America.
  • The American Constitution was the first constitution to start with a Preamble.

7. The Constitution of India provides following for its citizens:

(a) Social, Political and Religious justice

(b) Rocial, Economic and Cultural justice

(c) Social, Economic and Political justice

(d) Economic and Political justice

Correct Answer – (c) Social, Economic and Political justice

  • The Preamble states that the objectives constitution of India is to provide following justices to the people:
    • Social Justice – Meaning equal treatment of all citizens without any social distinction based on caste, color, race, religion, sex and so on.
    • Economic Justice – Meaning no discrimination/inequalities on the basis of economic factors such as wealth, income and property.
    • Political Justice – Meaning all citizens have equal political rights.

8. Which of the following terms is not used in the Preamble of our Constitution ?

(a) Republic

(b) Integrity

(c) Federal

(d) Socialist

Correct Answer – (c) Federal

  • The term Federal is not used in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution.
  • All other terms Republic, Socialist, Integrity are used in the constitution.

9. Which one of the following liberties is not embodied in the Preamble to the Constitution of India?

(a) Liberty of thought

(b) Liberty of expression

(c) Liberty of belief

(d) Liberty of Money

Correct Answer – (d) Liberty of Money

  • Liberty of Money is  not embodied in the Preamble to the Constitution of India
  • The Preamble provides to all citizens of India liberty of:
    • Thought
    • Expression 
    • Belief
    • Faith 
    • Worship

10. Consider the following statements in regard to the preamble of the Constitution of India;

  1. It provides political equality to its citizens.
  2. It provides liberty of faith to its citizens.
  3. It is given by the citizens of India to themselves.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer – (d) 1, 2 and 3

  • Preamble to the constitution of India is given by the people of India to themselves.
  • The Preamble sets the objective of the constitution to provide its citizens justice(Social, Economic, Political), liberty(Thought, Expression, Belief, Faith and Worship) and equality.

More questions are coming soon. Join us on Whatsapp for latest updates: Join CivilsCracker on Whatsapp

Also Read in Indian Polity MCQs :

Chapterwise MCQs

Short Notes

Preamble of the Indian Constitution | Indian Polity notes

by
Indian Polity and Constitution

Preamble of the Indian constitution

Read in detail about the Preamble of our constitution

Build Your Basics

Free Mock Tests

The Preamble of the Constitution of India is an introductory statement of 73 words which highlights the objectives, essence, core values and principles of the constitution.

Noteworthy points about the Preamble of the Constitution :

  • The Preamble of our Constitution is based on the ‘Objectives Resolution’, drafted by Pandit Nehru and adopted by the Constituent Assembly in 1946.
  • It was enacted after the enactment of the entire Constitution of India. It was to ensure that it was in consonance with the final Constitution as adopted by the Constituent Assembly.
  • Preamble is non-justiciable in nature, Meaning, The objectives/statements of the Preamble are not enforceable in courts of law.
  • It is neither a source of power to Parliament nor can it take away the powers of the legislature.
  • The Preamble indicates that the Constitution derives its authority from the people of India. 
  • The Preamble of Indian constitution proclaims Indian Nation to be:

    • Sovereign :  

      • Meaning India is not a dependency/Colony/dominion of any other nation. 
      • It is an independent state which can undertake its duties both internally and externally. 
      • Being a sovereign nation, India can even acquire a foreign territory or cede a part of its territory to a foreign state.

    • Secular :

      • Meaning All religions in the nation (irrespective of their numerical strength) will have the same status and support from the state.
      • The term ‘Secular’ was added to the Preamble by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976.
      • Indian secularism is influenced by the core Gandhian principle of ‘Sarva Dharma Sambhava’ meaning ‘equal respect for all religions.

    • Republic : 

      • Meaning India’s head of the state called the President is always elected.
      • In India, The head of the state called the President is elected indirectly.
      • In the USA, The head of the state called the President is elected directly.
      • Britain which is a Monarchy, The head of the state (King or Queen) enjoys a hereditary position.

    • Socialist : 

      • India adopted the democratic socialism(Inspired by Gandhian Socialism) which believes in a ‘mixed economy’ where both public and private sectors co-exist and flourish side by side.
      • It aims to end poverty, ignorance and inequality of opportunity
      • The term ‘Socialist’ was added to the Preamble by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976.

    • Democratic : 

      • Meaning the ultimate power lies in the hands of people who can exercise their power either directly or indirectly.
      • In Direct democracy, the people exercise their power directly though the instruments like Initiative, Referendum, Recall and Plebiscite.
      • In Indirect democracy, the representatives elected by the people exercise the power and thus carry on the government and make the laws for the people.
      • India adopted the Indirect democracy with the principle of Universal adult franchise(Meaning all adults are eligible to vote without discrimination on the basis of religion, race, sex, caste, places of birth etc. ).
  • The Preamble provides to all citizens of India liberty of:
    • Thought
    • Expression 
    • Belief
    • Faith 
    • Worship
  • It states that the objectives constitution of India is to provide following justices to the people:
    • Social Justice – Meaning equal treatment of all citizens without any social distinction based on caste, color, race, religion, sex and so on.
    • Economic Justice – Meaning no discrimination/inequalities on the basis of economic factors such as wealth, income and property.
    • Political Justice – Meaning all citizens have equal political rights.
  • Ideals of justice (social, economic and political) as mentioned in the Preamble are borrowed from the Constitution of Soviet Union (Present day Russia).
  • Ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity are borrowed from the French Constitution.
  • The American Constitution was the first constitution to start with a Preamble.
  • The Preamble specifies November 26, 1949  as the date of adoption of the Indian Constitution.

Can Preamble be Amended ?

  • In the historic Kesavananda Bharati case (1973), The Supreme Court held that the Preamble is a part of the Constitution hence can be amended by parliament under Article 368.
  • The Court confirmed that the opinion given by it in the Berubari Union case of 1960(Which stated that Preamble was not part of the constitution) in this regard was wrong.
  • The Supreme Court held that the Preamble can be amended, without affecting the ‘basic features of constitution’. With this judgment, the Supreme court introduced the ‘Basic structure doctrine’. 
  • You can read more about the ‘Basic structure doctrine’ here.
  • So far, the Preamble has been amended only once by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, which added three new words:
    • Socialist
    • Secular
    • Integrity

Also Read in CivilsCracker Explains : Indian Polity

Indian Polity MCQs – 4 (Sources of Indian Constitution)

by
Indian Polity MCQs and Mock Tests

Indian Polity MCQs – 4 (Sources of Indian Constitution)

Sources of Indian Constitution MCQs with answers and explanations for preparation of UPSC, BPSC, UPPSC and other State PSC Examinations

Chapterwise MCQs

Short Notes

1. Indian federal structure is inspired by which model of the countries given below? 

(a) USA

(b) Canada

(c) Switzerland

 (d) Russia

Correct Answer :  (b) Canada

  • Federal structure of government in the Indian constitution is taken from the ‘Canadian constitution’ which provides for a federation with a strong center. 
  • Charter of fundamental rights, power of Judicial review and independence of Judiciary, written constitution and preamble are taken from USA. 
  • Fundamental duties and five year planning are taken from Russia.

2. India has borrowed the concept of Fundamental Rights from the constitution of 

(a) UK

(b) USA

(c) Russia

(d) Ireland

Correct Answer : (b) USA

  • The concept of fundamental rights is borrowed from the USA. 
  • Directive Principles of state policy, method of election of the President, nomination of members in the Rajya Sabha by the President are taken from the Irish Constitution.

3. The phrase equality before law used in Article 14 of Indian Constitution has been borrowed from the Constitution of : 

(a) Britain

(b) USA

(c) France

(d) Canada

Correct Answer : (a) Britain

  • The phrase equality before law of the Indian Constitution has been borrowed from Britain. 
  • The term Republic and the idea of liberty, equality and fraternity in the preamble was borrowed from the constitution of France.

4. The idea of concurrent list in the Indian Constitution has been borrowed from :

(a) USA

(b) Switzerland

(c) Australia

(d) U.S.S.R.

Correct Answer : (c) Australia

  • The ideas of concurrent list, provision regarding trade, commerce and intercourse, have been borrowed from Australia.

5. The idea of the Directive Principles of state policy in the Indian Constitution has been taken from the Constitution of 

(a) Ireland

(b) Canada

(c) South Africa

(d) Australia

Correct Answer : (a) Ireland

  • DPSP in the Indian constitution has been taken from Ireland.

6. Which of the following are the correct matching of the countries and the borrowed features of the Indian constitution from them ?

  1. UK – Bicameral Legislature
  2. USSR – Independence of Judiciary and judicial review
  3. Australia – Five year Plan
  4. US – Removal of Supreme court and High court Judges
  5. Ireland – Method of election of President

(a) 1, 3 and 5

(b) 1, 2, 3 and 4

(c) 1, 4 and 5

(d) 2, 3 and 5

Correct Answer : (c) 1, 4 and 5

  • Following features have been adopted from the constitution of UK 
    • Nominal Head – President (like King/Queen however they are elected in India, Not like monarchy in UK).
    • Cabinet System of Ministers
    • Post of Prime Minister
    • Parliamentary Type of Government
    • Bicameral Legislature
    • Lower House(Lok Sabha) being more powerful
    • Council of Ministers responsible to Lower House(Lok Sabha)
    • Post of Speaker in Lok Sabha 
  • Following features have been adopted from the constitution of US:
    • Independence of Judiciary and judicial review
    • Written Constitution
    • Executive head of state known as President and he being the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces
    • Vice-President as the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha
    • Fundamental Rights
    • Supreme Court
    • Preamble
    • Removal of Supreme court and High court Judges 
  • Following features have been adopted from the constitution of USSR:
    • Five year Plan
    • Fundamental Duties 
  • Following features have been adopted from the constitution of Australia:
    • Concurrent list
    • Language of the preamble
    • Provision regarding trade, commerce and intercourse
  • Following features have been adopted from the constitution of Ireland : 
    • Method of election of President
    • Concept of Directive Principles of States Policy(Ireland borrowed it from SPAIN)
    • Nomination of members in the Rajya Sabha by the President

More questions are coming soon. Join us on Whatsapp for latest updates: Join CivilsCracker on Whatsapp

Also Read in Indian Polity MCQs :

Chapterwise MCQs

Short Notes

Join us on WhatsApp

We are adding new Notes, Chapterwise MCQs, Quizzes, Previous Years Questions everyday

Join now

Civils Cracker

Mock Tests

Study Materials

State PSC

Facebook Twitter Youtube Telegram Instagram Pinterest Quora

© 2024 CivilsCracker.com

error: Content is protected !!

Join us on WhatsApp

We are adding new Notes, Chapterwise MCQs, Quizzes, Previous Years Questions everyday

Join now