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Modern History MCQs – 16 (Individual Satyagraha and Cripps Mission)

by
Battle of Plassey

Modern History MCQs – 16 (Individual Satyagraha and Cripps Mission)

Individual Satyagraha and Cripps Mission MCQs with answers and explanations for UPSC and Other examinations.

Chapterwise MCQs

Short Notes

1. The August Offer was proposed by who among the following ?

(a) Lord Linlithgow
(b) Lord Hastings
(c) Lord Irwin
(d) Lord Canning

Correct Answer – (a) Lord Linlithgow

  • The August Offer was proposed by Lord Linlithgow, then Viceroy of India in 1940 on behalf of the British parliament.
  • It was an attempt to garner Indian support during World War II. 
  • It promised dominion status for India after victory in the war.

2. Consider the following statements about The August Offer :

1. It was rejected by Congress.
2. It was accepted by Muslim League.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (a) 1 only

  • Both Congress and the Muslim League rejected The August Offer.
  • Congress rejected the offer as it insisted on complete independence instead of dominion status. 
  • Muslim League rejected the offer as it demanded a separate state of Pakistan.

3. The Individual Satyagraha was launched in the response of which among the following ?

(a) August Offer
(b) Cabinet Mission
(c) Cripps Mission
(d) Communal Award

Correct Answer – (a) August Offer

  • In response to the August Offer, Mahatma Gandhi called for the Individual Satyagraha.
  • He launched the Individual Satyagraha to be led by a few carefully chosen individuals. 
  • Vinobha Bhave began the Individual Satyagraha movement in Maharashtra On October 17, 1940,

4. Who among the following was selected as the second Individual Satyagrahi by Mahatma Gandhi ?

(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru
(b) Sardar Patel
(c) Sarjoni Naidu
(d) Vinoba Bhave

Correct Answer – (a) Jawahar Lal Nehru

  • After rejecting the August proposal, Congress initiated Individual Satyagraha in the leadership of Gandhiji. 
  • The Individual Satyagraha was a symbolic message of moral protest against the British Government’s decision to involve India in the war. 
  • Mahatma Gandhi selected Acharya Vinoba Bhave as the first Satyagrahi.
  • Jawaharlal Nehru was chosen as the second Individual Satyagrahi.
  • Brahma Dutt was chosen as the third satyagrahi.

5. In which year did the Cripps Mission come to India ?

(a) 1940
(b) 1942
(d) 1946
(c) 1944

Correct Answer – (b) 1942

  • Due to the setbacks of Allied powers in Southeast Asia, the allies (the United States, the Soviet Union and China) put pressure on Britain to seek Indian cooperation.
  • Stafford Cripps arrived in India in March, 1942 to negotiate with Indian politicians and get their support for world war ||.
  • It  offered ‘Dominion Status’ and Constituent Assembly for India after the war.
  • It offered the right to secede for the provinces where a British Indian Province could accept or reject the constitution or frame its own constitution.
  • The Mission was a complete failure and led to the start of Quit India Movement by Indian nationalists.

6. Which among the following was called ‘Post-dated Cheque drawn on a failing bank’ by Mahatma Gandhi ?

(a) August Offer
(b) Cabinet Mission
(c) Cripps Mission
(d) Communal Award

Correct Answer – (c) Cripps Mission

  • Mahatma Gandhi called the Cripps Mission as a  ‘Post-dated Cheque drawn on a failing bank’.
  • This was due to the promise of providing dominion status after the end of the Second World War. 
  • It is to be noted here that Nehru and Maulana Azad were the official negotiators for the Congress with Cripps Mission.

7. Consider the following statements about The Cripps Mission :

1. It offered ‘Dominion Status’ for India after the war.
2. It kept defense and external affairs in the hands of Viceroy.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (c) Both 1 & 2

  • The Cripps Mission offered ‘Dominion Status’ for India after the war.
  • It kept defense and external affairs as the sole responsibility of the Viceroy.

8. Who of the following Prime Ministers sent the Cripps Mission to India ?

(a) James Ramsay MacDonald
(b) Stanley Baldwin
(c) Neville Chamberlain
(d) Winston Churchill

Correct Answer – (d) Winston Churchill

  • To seek help and India’s cooperation in the second World War, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill sent the Cripps Mission to India in March, 1942.
  • It was sent under the leadership of Sir Stafford Cripps.

9. Who of the following was the Viceroy of India when the Cripps Mission arrived ?

(a) Lord Chelmsford
(b) Lord Wavell
(c) Lord Linlithgow
(d) Lord Montague

Correct Answer – (c) Lord Linlithgow

  • Lord Linlithgow was the longest serving Viceroy of India from 1936 to 1944.
  • The Cripps Mission arrived and the Quit India Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi during his tenure.

10. The Congress Ministries in all the provinces resigned in the year 1939 because of which among the following reasons ?

(a) Congress was unable to make a cabinet in the other many provinces
(b) Socialist wing of Congress made it impossible to work for the cabinet
(c) Communal rights in the provinces
(d) British Government involved India in the Second World War

Correct Answer – (d) British Government involved India in the Second World War

  • After 28 months of tenure, the Ministries of Congress resigned in 1939 because the British Government involved India in the Second World War without the consent of Indians.

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Modern History MCQs – 15 (Communal Award and Poona Pact)

by
Battle of Plassey

Modern History MCQs – 15 (Communal Award and Poona Pact)

Communal Award and Poona Pact MCQs with answers and explanations for UPSC and Other examinations.

Chapterwise MCQs

Short Notes

1. Consider the following statements about First Round Table Conference :

1. Ramsay MacDonald presided over it.
2. It was attended by a Congress delegation.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (a) 1 only

  • The Round Table Conferences (RTC) of 1930–1932 were a series of conferences organized by the British Government with the Indian political personalities to discuss constitutional reforms in India.
  •  Ramsay MacDonald presided over the all the Round Table Conference.
  • The Indian National Congress decided not to participate in the first Round Table conference as many of the INC leaders were imprisoned due to their involvement in the civil disobedience movement.
  • After the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Congress participated in the second Round Table Conference solely represented by Gandhi.
  • After the failure of the second round table conference, Gandhi relaunched the Civil Disobedience Movement.
  • The Third Round Table Conference was also not attended by Congress.

2. Consider the following statements about Round Table Conferences :

1. Bhimrao Ambedkar attended the First Round Table Conference.
2. Gandhi attended the second Round Table Conference.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (c) Both 1 & 2

  • It is a point to be noted that Ambedkar and Tej Bahadur Sapru took part in all the three round table conferences. 
  • B.R Ambedkar was nominated by the British government to represent the Depressed Classes at the Round Table Conference.
  • Mahatma Gandhi took part only in the Second Round Table Conference.

3. Which of the following leaders participated in the 2nd Round Table Conference ?

1. Mahatma Gandhi
2. Sarojini Naidu
3. Madan Mohan Malviya
4. Rajendra Prasad

Select correct answer using code given below :

(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1 and 3
(c) 1,2 and 3
(d) 1, 3 and 4

Correct Answer – (c) 1,2 and 3

  • Mahatma Gandhi participated as the only official representative of Congress in the 2d Round Table Conference.
  • Sarojini Naidu and Madan Mohan Malviya, B.R Ambedkar and Annie Besant also participated in this Conference.

4. Who among the following declared the Communal Award ?

(a) Ramsay MacDonald
(b) Queen Victoria
(c) Lord Canning
(d) Lord Minto

Correct Answer – (a) Ramsay MacDonald

  • British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald announced the Communal Award on August 16, 1932, which provided for separate electorates for the ‘Depressed Classes’, the Muslims, the Europeans, the Sikhs, the Anglo-Indians and the Indian-based Christians.
  • It is to be noted that the system of separate electorates was first time introduced by Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909.
  • Under a separate electorates system, each community was allocated a number of seats in the legislatures and only members from those communities were eligible to vote to elect a representative of the same community to legislative assemblies.

5. Which among the following communities were not allocated separate electorates by the Communal Award ?

(a) Muslims
(b) Buddhists
(c) Depressed Classes
(d) Sikhs

Correct Answer – (b) Buddhists 

  • British Prime Minister Ramsay Macdonald announced the Communal Award on 16th August 1932 in which separate electorates were granted not only to Muslims but also to the depressed class, Christians, Sikhs and Anglo-Indian.
  • Buddhists were not granted separate electorates.

6. Mahatma Gandhi undertook fast unto death in 1932, mainly due to which among the following reasons :

(a) Round Table Conference failed to satisfy Indian political aspirations
(b) Congress and Muslim League had difference of opinion
(c) Separate electorates for depressed class in the Communal Award
(d) Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev were executed

Correct Answer –  (c) Separate electorates for depressed class in the Communal Award

  • Mahatma Gandhi vigorously criticized the communal awards and considered it as a tool to divide Indian society.
  • To protest against the Communal Award, he went on a fast unto death in the Yerawada jail on 20 September 1932.

7. The Poona Pact (1932) was an agreement signed between who among the following ?

(a) Nehru and Ambedkar
(b) Gandhi and Ambedkar
(c) Malaviya and Ambedkar
(d) Gandhi and Nehru

Correct Answer – (b) Gandhi and Ambedkar

  • The Poona Pact was an agreement between Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi which was signed on September 24, 1932. 
  • The background to the Poona Pact was the Communal Award of August 1932 which provided a separate electorate for depressed classes.
  • Mahatma Gandhi was bitterly opposed to the communal award however Ambedkar was initially in the favor of the award.
  • After the series of negotiations both Gandhiji and Ambedkar agreed to a solution called Poona Pact where they agreed to withdraw the system of separate electorate for depressed classes and agreed for a joint electorate.

8. Consider the following statements about ‘Harijan Sewak Sangh’ :

1. It was founded by Bhimrao Ambedkar.
2. Ghanshyam Das Birla became the first President of Harijan Sevak Sangh.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (b) 2 only

  • Harijan Sewak Sangh was founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1932.
  • It was an independent national-level voluntary Organization, also known as the All India Anti-Untouchability League.
  • It was established to combat untouchability and uplift the Harijans(Depressed Class or Dalits) in the society.
  • Ghanshyam Das Birla became the first President of Harijan Sevak Sangh.

9. ‘Harijan’ magazine was started by who among the following ?

(a) Jai Prakash Narayan
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) B.R Ambedkar
(d) M.N. Roy

Correct Answer – (b) Mahatma Gandhi

  • ‘Harijan’ literally stands for “Children of God” and Mahatma Gandhi gave this name to untouchables or depressed classes. 
  • Mahatma Gandhi also started a weekly paper called ‘Harijan’ in 1933.
  • It was launched  to promote the fight against untouchability.

10. Congress Socialist Party was formed by who among the following ?

(a) Acharya Narendra Dev & Jai Prakash Narayan
(b) Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi & Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Pattam Thanu Pillai & Ghanshyam Das Birla
(d) M.N. Roy & Subhash Chandra Bose

Correct Answer – (a) Acharya Narendra Dev & Jai Prakash Narayan 

  • The Congress Socialist Party was founded in 1934 as a socialist group within the Indian National Congress.
  • It was formed by Acharya Narendra Dev, Jai Prakash Narayan and Minoo Masani in October 1934.
  • The CSP believed in Marxist Ideas and advocated decentralized socialism.
  • It is important to note that Nehru and Bose despite being socialists never joined CSP.

11. Subhash Chandra Bose was elected as President of Indian National Congress for the first time in which among the following sessions ?

(a) Haripura Session
(b) Madras Session
(c) Tripuri Session
(d) Calcutta Session

Correct Answer –  (a) Haripura Session

  • Subhash Chandra Bose was elected as President of Indian National Congress for the first time in the Haripura Session of Congress in 1938.
  • In this session, S.C. Bose was elected as president unopposed.
  • He was reelected as president in the Tripuri Session in 1939 by defeating Pattabhi Sitaramayya who was also supported by Gandhi.
  • However, later due to the dispute between Gandhi and Bose, Bose resigned, and Dr. Rajendra Prasad became President.

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Modern History MCQs – 14 (Civil Disobedience Movement)

by
Battle of Plassey

Modern History MCQs – 14 (Civil Disobedience Movement)

Civil Disobedience Movement MCQs with answers and explanations for UPSC and Other examinations.

Chapterwise MCQs

Short Notes

1. At which Session of Indian National Congress, Working committee of Congress was authorized to launch a programme of Civil Disobedience ?

(a) Bombay
(b) Lahore
(c) Lucknow
(d) Tripura

Correct Answer – (b) Lahore

  • The Lahore Session of Indian National Congress in 1929 authorized the Congress Working Committee to start the Civil Disobedience Movement. 
  • Mahatma Gandhi was assigned to lead the Movement.

2. Which one of the following movements began with the famous Dandi March ?

(a) Home Rule Movement
(b) Non-Cooperation Movement
(c) Civil Disobedience Movement
(d) Quit India Movement.

Correct Answer – (c) Civil Disobedience Movement

  • Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Dandi march accompanied by his trusted volunteers from Sabarmati Ashram on March 12, 1930. 
  • The march was over 240 miles, from Sabarmati ashram to Gujarat’s coastal town of Dandi. 
  • On April 6, 1930 he reached Dandi and violated the salt law by manufacturing salt by boiling sea water. 
  • This marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
  • Salt was a major point of the movement because the English Government had banned the selling of the salt and also imposed a tax on it, which highly affected common people.

3. Similar to the Dandi March, a salt march was started by who among the following in Tamil Nadu ?

(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru
(b) Subhash Chandra Bose
(c) Sarojini Naidu
(d) C. Rajagopalachari

Correct Answer – (d) C. Rajagopalachari

  • Similar to the Dandi March, a salt march was started by C. Rajagopalachari in Tamil Nadu.
  • He took up Salt March in Tamil Nadu from Tiruchengode ashram to Vedaranyam of Tiruchirapalli.
  • The march began on April 13, 1930 and ended on April 28, 1930.

4. Consider the following statements about Civil Disobedience Movement :

1. It started with the famous Dandi March.
2. Women did not participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (a) 1 only

  • The Civil Disobedience Movement started with the famous Dandi March.
  • Womens participated on a large scale in the Civil Disobedience movement.
  • Kasturba Gandhi, Sarojini Naidu, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur and Kamladevi Chattopadhyaya were prominent women leaders who actively contributed to the Civil Disobedience Movement.

5. Which among the following events was first to occur ?

(a) Dandi March
(b) Quit India Movement
(c) Arrival of Simon Commission
(d) Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Correct Answer – (c) Arrival of Simon Commission

  • Given events occurred in the following sequence:
    • Arrival of Simon Commission → February 3, 1928 
    • Dandi March → March 12, 1930
    • Gandhi-Irwin Pact → March 5, 1931
    • Quit India Movement → August, 1942

6. A volunteer organization known as ‘Khudai Khidmatgar’ was founded by who among the following ?

(a) Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
(b) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
(c) Maulana Azad
(d) None of the Above

Correct Answer – (a) Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan

  • ‘Khudai Khidmatgar’ also known as ‘Red Shirt’ was a volunteer organization founded by Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan in North-West Frontier province. 
  • He called for Pathan regional nationalist unity and a struggle against colonialism.

7. After the failure of Civil Disobedience movement, Gandhiji gave importance to which among the following :

(a) Constructive programmes
(b) Limited use of violence
(c) Negotiation with British
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (a) Constructive programmes

  • Gandhi gave importance to the constructive programmes after the failure of Civil Disobedience Movement. 
  • In September, 1932 Mahatma Gandhi founded the All India Anti-Untouchability League for the welfare of Harijans and also started the weekly magazine ‘Harijan’.

8. Consider the following statements about Gandhi-Irwin Pact :

1. It was signed by Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin.
2. It discontinued the Civil disobedience Movement.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (c) Both 1 & 2

  • The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed by Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on 5th March, 1931.
  • Below were the proposed conditions of the pact:
    • Discontinuation of Civil disobedience Movement by Indian National Congress.
    • Participation of the India National Congress in Round Table Conference
    • Withdrawal of all ordinances issued by the British Government against INC
    • Withdrawal of all prosecutions except those involving violence
    • The release of prisoners arrested for participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement
    • Removal of the tax on Salt

9. Who among the following presided over the Karachi Session of the Indian National Congress in 1931 ?

(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru
(b) J.M. Sengupta
(c) S.C. Bose
(d) Vallabhbhai Patel

Correct Answer – (d) Vallabhbhai Patel

  • The Karachi Session of the Indian National Congress was presided over by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in 1931. 
  • In this session, Congress passed the resolutions related to Fundamental Rights and the national economic programme for the first time.
  • Jawaharlal Nehru with the help of M.N. Roy drafted the resolution on Fundamental Rights and National economic programmes.

10. Arrange the following events in the chronological order :

1. Second Round Table Conference
2. Karachi Session of Indian National Congress
3. Execution of Bhagat Singh
4. Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Select the answer using the codes below :

(a) 1, 2, 3, 4
(b) 2, 3, 1, 4
(с) 4, 3, 2, 1
(d) 3, 4, 2, 1

Correct Answer –  (с) 4, 3, 2, 1

  • Gandhi-Irwin Pact → March 5, 1931.
  • Execution of Bhagat Singh → March 23, 1931
  • Karachi Session of Congress → March 26-29, 1931
  • Second Round Table Conference → December 7, 1931

11. Consider the following statements about Round Table Conferences :

1. Ramsay MacDonald presided over the first Round Table Conference.
2. Indian National Congress did not attend any of the Round Table Conferences.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (a) 1 only

  • The Round Table Conferences (RTC) of 1930–1932 were a series of conferences organized by the British Government with the Indian political personalities to discuss constitutional reforms in India.
  •  Ramsay MacDonald presided over the all the Round Table Conference.
  • The Indian National Congress decided not to participate in the first Round Table conference as many of the INC leaders were imprisoned due to their involvement in the civil disobedience movement.
  • After the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Congress participated in the second Round Table Conference solely represented by Gandhi.
  • After the failure of the second round table conference, Gandhi relaunched the Civil Disobedience Movement.
  • The Third Round Table Conference was also not attended by Congress.

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Modern History MCQs – 13 (Simon Commission and Nehru Report)

by
Battle of Plassey

Modern History MCQs – 13 (Simon Commission and Nehru Report)

Simon Commission and Nehru Report MCQs with answers and explanations for UPSC and Other examinations.

Chapterwise MCQs

Short Notes

1. When did the Simon Commission visit India ?

(a) 1927
(b) 1928
(c) 1929
(d) 1931

Correct Answer –  (b) 1928

  • The Government of India Act, 1919 recommended introducing self-governing institutions gradually to India.
  • It provided for a Constitutional Commission to review its working and operations.
  • Simon Commission was appointed in November, 1927 by the British Government to report on the working of the Indian Constitution framework established by the Government of India Act of 1919. 
  • The Commission consisted of seven members under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon. 
  • The Simon Commission reached Bombay on February 3, 1928.

2. Consider the following statements about Simon Commission :

1. The Congress boycotted the Simon Commission.
2. The Simon Commission did not have a single Indian member.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (c) Both 1 & 2

  • Congress and other Indians opposed the Simon Commission as it did not have any Indian member.
  • Indians opposed and boycotted the commission calling it the ‘White Commission’. 
  • The commission reached Bombay on February 3, 1928 on that day countrywide strike was held.

3. Lala Lajpat Rai was injured while protesting which among the following ?

(a) Simon Commission
(b) Rowlatt Act
(c) Cabinet Mission
(d) Government of India Act 1919

Correct Answer – (a) Simon Commission

  • Congress and other Indians opposed the Simon Commission as it did not have any Indian member.
  • When the Commission arrived, it met with demonstrations everywhere with banners saying ‘Simon Go Back’.
  • When the Simon Commission visited Lahore, Lala Lajpat Rai led a nonviolent protest against it. 
  • Police retaliated with Lathi Charge in which Lala Lajpat Rai got seriously injured and eventually died on November 17, 1928.

4. Consider the following statements about ‘Nehru Report’ :

1. It was prepared by Jawaharlal Nehru.
2. It demanded dominion Status for India.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (b) 2 only

  • The Nehru Report was a memorandum to appeal for a new dominion status and a federal set-up of government for the constitution of India.
  • Motilal Nehru was the Chairman of the All-Party Committee formed to prepare this report.
  • It recommended Nineteen fundamental rights including equal rights for women, right to form unions, and universal adult suffrage.
  • It suggested a federal form of Government in India with residuary powers to be vested in the Centre.
  • It advocated complete dissociation of the State from religion.

5. Consider the following statements about ‘Nehru Report’ :

1. It rejected the idea of a separate electorate for minorities.
2. Muslim League rejected the proposals of the report.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (c) Both 1 & 2

  • The Nehru Report rejected the idea of a separate electorate for minorities.
  • Muslim League rejected the proposals of the report due to following reasons :
    • The 1916 Congress-Muslim League Lucknow Pact accepted the system of separate electorates for the Muslim community whereas they were rejected by the Nehru Report.
    •  The Nehru Report suggested a federal form of Government in India with residuary powers to be vested in the Centre whereas Muslim League wanted the residuary powers with the provinces.

6. M.A. Jinnah put forth his Fourteen Points in reaction to which among the following ?

(a) Simon Commission
(b) Rowlatt Act
(c) Nehru Report
(d) Government of India Act 1919

Correct Answer – (c) Nehru Report

  •  In reaction to the Nehru Report, Mohammad Ali Jinnah drafted his Fourteen Points in 1929, which became the core demands of the Muslim community.
  • Mohammad Ali Jinnah proposed them as a plan to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in a self-governing India.

7. Who amongst the following was responsible for the formation of the ‘Independence of India League’ in 1928 ?

1. Jawahar Lal Nehru
2. Subhash Chandra Bose
3. Mohammad Ali Jinnah

Choose your answer from the given code:

(a) 1 Only
(c) 1 and 2 Only
(b) 2 and 3 Only
(d) All of the Above

Correct Answer – (c) 1 and 2 Only

  • The younger section of the Congress led by Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Bose  regarded the idea of dominion status put forth in the Nehru report as a step backward.
  • Hence, Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose jointly founded ‘Independence for India League’ in 1928 with the purpose to articulate for complete Independence of India instead of the Dominion state.

8. Who among the following presided over the famous Lahore session of INC in 1929 ?

(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Abul Kalam Azad
(c) Ananda Mohan Bose
(d) Mahatma Gandhi

Correct Answer – (a) Jawaharlal Nehru

  • The Indian National Congress on 19 December 1929 passed the historic ‘Purna Swaraj’ resolution at its Lahore session.
  • Jawaharlal Nehru was president of INC at the Lahore session in 1929. 
  • Congress Party urged Indians to celebrate ‘Independence Day’ on 26 January 1930.

9. Who among the following declared the Communal Award ?

(a) Ramsay MacDonald
(b) Queen Victoria
(c) Lord Canning
(d) Lord Minto

Correct Answer – (a) Ramsay MacDonald

  • British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald announced the Communal Award on August 16, 1932, which provided for separate electorates for the ‘Depressed Classes’, the Muslims, the Europeans, the Sikhs, the Anglo-Indians and the Indian-based Christians.
  • It is to be noted that the system of separate electorates was first time introduced by Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909.
  • Under a separate electorates system, each community was allocated a number of seats in the legislatures and only members from those communities were eligible to vote to elect a representative of the same community to legislative assemblies.

10. The Poona Pact (1932) was an agreement signed between who among the following ?

(a) Nehru and Ambedkar
(b) Gandhi and Ambedkar
(c) Malaviya and Ambedkar
(d) Gandhi and Nehru

Correct Answer – (b) Gandhi and Ambedkar

  • The Poona Pact was an agreement between Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi which was signed on September 24, 1932. 
  • The background to the Poona Pact was the Communal Award of August 1932 which provided a separate electorate for depressed classes.
  • Mahatma Gandhi was bitterly opposed to the communal award however Ambedkar was initially in the favor of the award.
  • After the series of negotiations both Gandhiji and Ambedkar agreed to a solution called Poona Pact where they agreed to withdraw the system of separate electorate for depressed classes and agreed for a joint electorate.

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Modern History MCQs – 12 (Khilafat and Non Cooperation Movement)

by
Battle of Plassey

Modern History MCQs – 12 (Khilafat and Non Cooperation Movement)

Khilafat and Non Cooperation Movement MCQs with answers and explanations for UPSC and Other examinations.

Chapterwise MCQs

Short Notes

1. Consider the following statements about The Khilafat Movement :

1. It was mainly started by Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali.
2. It was a protest campaign launched by Muslims in British India regarding the position of Caliph.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (c) Both 1 & 2

  • The Khilafat Movement was mainly started by Maulana Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali.
  • Other prominent leaders such as Hasrat Mohani, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and Dr. Hakim Ajmal Khan joined hands with Ali brothers and created an All India Khilafat Committee at Lucknow.
  • It was a protest campaign launched by Muslims in British India regarding the position of Caliph of Turkey after the First World War.
  • After the First World War, Turkey was dismembered and the Khalifa was stripped of his post which angered the Indian Muslims.
  • As a result, The Khilafat Movement started to protest against the partition of Turkey and defend the Ottoman Empire of Turkey.

2. Who among the following was elected as President of the All India Khilafat Conference in 1919 ?

(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
(c) Maulana Shaukat Ali
(d) Motilal Nehru

Correct Answer – (a) Mahatma Gandhi

  • Muslims leaders like the Ali brothers, Hasrat Mohani and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad had organized a Khilafat Party to protest against the partition of Turkey and defend the Ottoman Empire of Turkey.
  • Gandhi decided to extend their support to the Khilafat Movement as he saw this as an opportunity of uniting the Hindu and Muslim.
  • October 17,1919 was observed as Khilafat Day when the Hindu united with Muslims in fasting and observed a strike.
  • The All-India Khilafat Conference was held at Delhi on November 23, 1919 with Mahatma Gandhi as its President.

3. Which among the following Muslim leaders was not involved in the Khilafat Movement ?

(a) Mohammad Ali
(b) Shaukat Ali
(c) Abul Kalam Azad
(d) Mohammad Ali Jinnah

Correct Answer – (d) Mohammad Ali Jinnah

  • Muhammad Ali Jinnah was not associated with the Khilafat movement as he was not in support of entangling the secular independence movement with the religious Khilafat movement.
  • He opposed uniting with the radical Muslim leaders and felt it would be a disaster for the country. 
  • He also criticized the participation of Mahatma Gandhi in the Khilafat Movement.

4. Consider the following statements about The Moplah Rebellion :

1. It broke out in Bombay in 1921.
2. It was against the Hindu landlords of Kerala.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (b) 2 only

  • The Moplah Rebellion was an agrarian revolt which broke out in Nilambar, Kerala in 1921.
  • The Moplah peasants revolted against the local Hindu landlord’s oppressive policies which were in alliance with the British.
  • As a result of the rebellion, many Hindu landlords and several Europeans were killed.

5. In which year the Non-Cooperation movement was launched by the Indian National Congress ?

(a) 1917
(b) 1918
(c) 1920
(d) 1928

Correct Answer – (c) 1920

  • The  Non-Cooperation Movement was formally inaugurated on the 1st of August, 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi.
  • In December 1920, the Nagpur session of the Congress confirmed the resolution of starting the Non-Cooperation Movement.

6. Consider the following statements about The Non-Cooperation movement :

1. Gandhi started the movement with the return of the Kaiser-e-Hind medal.
2. Motilal Nehru never joined the movement.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (a) 1 only

  • Gandhi started the Non-Cooperation movement with the return of the Kaiser-e-Hind medal which was granted to him by the British Government for his humanitarian contributions in South Africa.
  • The Non-cooperation Movement spread and achieved unprecedented success in Western India, Bengal and Northern India. 
  • Many distinguished leaders like Motilal Nehru, Lala Lajpat Rai, Vallabhbhai Patel and Rajendra Prasad left their lucrative legal practice and joined the Movement with Mahatma Gandhi.

7. Mahatma Gandhi halted the Non-Cooperation Movement due to which among the following events ?

(a) Kakori Case
(b) Chauri-Chaura incident
(c) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
(d) Death of Lala Lajpat Rai

Correct Answer – (b) Chauri-Chaura incident

  • The Chauri-Chaura incident occurred at Chauri-Chaura in the Gorakhpur district of then United Province of British India.
  • It occurred on 5 February, 1922.
  • A large group of protesters participating in the Non-cooperation Movement turned violent which led to police opening fire on them. 
  • In retaliation the demonstrators attacked and set fire to the whole police station killing all of its occupants. 
  • The incident led to the deaths of three civilians and 22 policemen.
  • After this event, Mahatma Gandhi halted the Non-Cooperation Movement.

8. After which among the following incidents, Mahatma Gandhi had called Non Cooperation Movement as his ‘Himalayan Blunder’ ?

(a) Kakori Case
(b) Chauri-Chaura incident
(c) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
(d) Death of Lala Lajpat Rai

Correct Answer – (b) Chauri-Chaura incident

  • After the Chauri-Chaura incident, Mahatma Gandhi halted and withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement.
  • Gandhiji admitted to having committed a ‘Himalayan blunder’ by offering the weapon of satyagraha to a people insufficiently trained in the discipline of non-violence.
  • Hei realized that the Indian masses were not yet fully prepared for a nationwide struggle of civil disobedience and non-cooperation.

9. Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched ?

(a) 1885 → Foundation of Indian National Congress
(b) 1905 → The Partition of Bengal
(c) 1909 → Morley-Minto Reforms
(d) 1942 → Non-Cooperation Movement

Correct Answer – (d) 1942 → Non-Cooperation Movement

  • The Non-Cooperation Movement started in 1920 under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and was suspended in 1922 after the Chauri-Chaura incident. 
  • It is to be noted that the Quit India Movement was started in 1942.

10. Consider the following statements about The Non-Cooperation movement :

1. Mahatma Gandhi withdrew the Non Cooperation Movement in 1922.
2. C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru opposed the withdrawal of the Movement.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (c) Both 1 & 2

  • Mahatma Gandhi withdrew the Non Cooperation Movement in 1922 after the violent incident of Chauri-Chaura.
  • C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru opposed the withdrawal of the Movement.

11. Swaraj Party was formed after the failure of which among the following movements ?

(a) Non-Cooperation Movement
(b) Quit India Movement
(c) Civil Disobedience Movement
(d) Swadeshi Movement

Correct Answer – (a) Non-Cooperation Movement

  • Withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement led to a split within Congress in the Gaya session of the Congress in December, 1922. 
  • Leaders like Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das formed a separate group within the Congress known as the Swaraj Party in 1923.
  • The Swarajists wanted to contest the Council elections and impact the British Government from within by using the anti government agitation within the council chambers.

12. Who one of the following leaders was not associated with the Swaraj Party ?

(a) Rajendra Prasad
(c) N.C. Kelkar
(b) C.R. Das
(d) Motilal Nehru

Correct Answer – (a) Rajendra Prasad

  • Following the Withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement and Gandhi’s arrest in March 1922, congress was divided into two groups.
  • The Swarajists led by C.R.Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party  in 1923.
  • The other group wanted to adhere to Gandhi’s constructive program. They were called ‘No-Changers’. They were against entry into electoral politics.
  • C. Rajagopalachari, Vallabhbhai Patel and Rajendra Prasad were the important leaders of the ‘No-Changers’ group.

13. Who of the following is also known as ‘Deshbandhu’ ?

(a) Rajendra Prasad
(b) Chitranjan Das
(c) A.O. Hume
(d) C. Rajagopalachari

Correct Answer – (b) Chitranjan Das

  • Chittaranjan Das was a revolutionary freedom fighter born on 5 November 1870 in Calcutta.
  • He defended Sri Aurobindo Ghose in a court suit filed against him. 
  • He formed the Swaraj Party along with Motilal Nehru.
  • For his strong belief in the concept of Self-Rule for India, he was called ‘Deshabandhu’.

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Modern History MCQs – 11 (Arrival of Gandhi and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre)

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Modern History MCQs – 11 (Arrival of Gandhi and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre)

Arrival of Gandhi and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre MCQs with answers and explanations for UPSC and Other examinations.

Chapterwise MCQs

Short Notes

1. Which of the following magazines was published by Mahatma Gandhi during his stay in South Africa ?

(a) Bengal Gazette
(b) India Gazette
(c) Africaner
(d) Indian opinion

Correct Answer – (d) Indian opinion

  • In 1894 Gandhiji founded ‘Natal Indian Congress’ in South Africa.
  • He founded the ‘Tolstoy Farm’ with his associates and lived there. 
  • He published a magazine called ‘Indian Opinion’ in South Africa.
  • He also founded ‘Phoenix Farm’ in December 1904.

2. In which year Gandhi returned from South Africa ?

(a) 1915
(b) 1917
(c) 1916
(d) 1918

Correct Answer – (a) 1915

  • In January, 1915 Mahatma Gandhi returned from South Africa and people of India warmly welcomed him. 
  • His struggles and the success stories of South Africa had already made him very popular in India.

3. Mahatma Gandhi regarded who among the following as his Political Guru ?

(a) Lala Lajpat Rai
(b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji
(d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Correct Answer – (b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

  • Mahatma Gandhi regarded Gopal Krishna Gokhale as his Political Guru.
  • He linked himself to India’s active politics under the influence of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
  • In 1912, Gokhale also visited South Africa at Gandhi’s invitation.

4. Which among the following was the first Satyagraha movement led by Mahatma Gandhi in India ?

(a) Champaran Satyagraha
(b) Kheda Satyagraha
(c) Non-Cooperation Movement
(d) Quit India Movement

Correct Answer – (a) Champaran Satyagraha

  • Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat.
  • Before entering Indian politics in 1915, he was in South Africa from 1893 to 1914 where he developed and experimented with the philosophy of non-violence and Satyagraha.
  • Champaran Satyagraha was the first Satyagraha movement led by Mahatma Gandhi in India.
  • It was against the ‘Teen Kathia’ system in which the tenant farmers of Champaran were forced by the British planters to cultivate indigo in the 3/20th part of their holding.

5. Who among the following leaders joined Gandhiji in the Champaran Satyagraha ?

(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(b) Subhash Chandra Bose
(c) Rajendra Prasad
(d) None of these

Correct Answer – (c) Rajendra Prasad

  • The local leaders of Bihar such as Brajkishore Prasad and Raj Kumar Shukla first met Mahatma Gandhi at the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress in 1916 where they informed Gandhi about the problems of Champaran peasants.
  • Gandhi arrived in Champaran 10 April 1917.
  • He was supported by Brajkishore Prasad, Rajendra Prasad, Anugrah Narayan Sinha and J.B. Kripalani among the others.
  • As a result of the Champaran Satyagraha, the ‘Teen Kathia’ system was abolished.

6. During the Jallianwala Bagh incident, people were peacefully protesting against ?

(a) Ilbert Bill
(b) Rowlatt Act
(c) Partition of Bengal
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (b) Rowlatt Act

  • On 18 March 1919, the British government passed the infamous Rowlatt Act which allowed the detention of political prisoners without trial for up to two years. 
  • This was mainly passed to curb the nationalist activities.
  • On April 13, 1919, on Baisakhi day, a large crowd gathered in Jallianwala Bagh to peacefully protest against the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of nationalist leaders Gandhiji, Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satyapal.
  • General Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on the unarmed crowd resulting in the death of more than 1000 men, women and children.

7. After which among the following incidents, Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood ?

(a) Death of Bhagat Singh
(b) Death of Lala Lajpat Rai
(c) Jallianwala Bagh incident
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (c) Jallianwala Bagh incident

  • Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. 
  • He renounced his knighthood in protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

8. Who among the following was the Viceroy of India at the time of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre ?

(a) Lord Chelmsford
(c) Lord Dalhousie
(b) Lord Minto
(d) Lord Canning

Correct Answer –  (a) Lord Chelmsford 

  • Lord Chelmsford was the Viceroy of India at the time of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919. 
  • Major events during the Viceroyalty of Lord Chelmsford:
    • Enactment of the Government of India, 1919 also known as Montague-Chelmsford Reforms
    • Enactment of Rowlatt Act (1919)
    • The Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy (1919)
    • Beginning of the Non-cooperation Movement

9. What is the correct chronological sequence of the following events ?

1. Champaran Satyagrah
2. Ahmedabad Mill strike
3. Kheda Satyagraha

Select your answer using the codes below :

(a) 2, 3, 1
(b) 3, 2, 1
(c) 1, 2, 3
(d) None of the Above

Correct Answer – (c) 1, 2, 3

  • The chronological sequence is as follows :
  • Champaran Satyagraha → 1917 →  Against forced Indigo farming 
  • Ahmedabad Mill strike → February 1918 → Against mill owners for the issue of Plague bonus of Industrial workers.
  • Kheda Satyagraha → March, 1918 → Against the payment of high taxes levied by the British, when people were unable to pay due to crop failure.

10. Gandhiji was not involved in which among the following Movements ?

(a) Swadeshi Movement
(b) Khilafat Movement
(c) Individual Satyagraha
(d) Quit India Movement

Correct Answer – (a) Swadeshi Movement

  • Gandhiji was not involved in the Swadeshi Movement. 
  • Swadeshi Movement was started to protest against the partition of Bengal in 1905.
  • During this period Gandhi was residing in South Africa. 
  • Khilafat Movement, Individual Satyagraha and Quit India Movement was led by Mahatma Gandhi.

11. The instrument of ‘Fast unto death’ was used by Mahatma Gandhi for the first time in India in which among the following events ?

(a) Champaran Satyagrah
(b) Ahmedabad Mill strike
(c) Kheda Satyagraha
(d) None of the Above

Correct Answer – (b) Ahmedabad Mill strike

  •  The instrument of  ‘Fast unto death’ was used by Mahatma Gandhi for the first time in India during the Ahmedabad Mill strike against the owners of a cotton textile mill for the Plague bonus of workers. 
  • As a result, the mill owners gave up and a settlement was reached with the workers.

12. First all India movement launched by Gandhi was which among the following ?

(a) Non-Cooperation Movement
(b) Rowlatt Satyagraha
(c) Champaran Movement
(d) Dandi March

Correct Answer – (b) Rowlatt Satyagraha

  • The first all India movement launched by Gandhi was the Rowlatt Satyagraha which was launched in response to the infamous Rowlatt act.
  • This movement was joined by people from all religions, castes, age groups and both the genders.
  • National newspapers and political journals covered this movement extensively and it spread across almost the whole India.
  • The Movements launched by Gandhiji before Rowlatt Satyagraha were  Champaran Peasant Movement (1917), Ahmedabad Mill Workers Movement (1918) and Kheda Peasant Movement(1918).
  • It is to be noted that these movements were limited to the specific issue of a particular section of the society. 
  • They were also limited to a particular area.

13. Consider the following statements about The Hunter Committee :

1. It was set up to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy
2. No Indian was a member of this Committee.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (a) 1 only

  • Following the Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy, the British Government established a Disorders Inquiry Committee headed by Lord William Hunter.
  • The Committee had 7 members: 4 British and 3 Indians. 
  • In its report, the Committee, although it condemned most of the decisions taken by General Dyer, It agreed with the imposition of martial law in Punjab.
  • It criticized the method of Satyagraha adopted by Gandhi and held Gandhi partially responsible for ‘deteriorated’ law and order situation.
  • Dyer was sent to England and he was relieved of his duties.

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Modern History MCQs – 10 (Surat Split and Lucknow Pact)

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Modern History MCQs – 10 (Surat Split and Lucknow Pact)

Surat Split and Lucknow Pact MCQs with answers and explanations for UPSC and Other examinations.

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1. Which one of the following movements contributed to a split in the Indian National Congress ?

(a) Swadeshi Movement
(b) Quit India Movement
(c) Non-cooperation Movement
(d) Civil Disobedience Movement

Correct Answer –  (a) Swadeshi Movement

  • Following the Partition of Bengal in 1905,  The Extremists wanted to extend the Swadeshi and the Boycott Movement from Bengal to the rest of the country.
  • The Moderates wanted to confine the movement only to Bengal.
  • Ideological divide on the matters of Swadeshi, Boycott, National Education, and Self-Government led to the divide of congress.
  • In the Surat session of 1907, the Indian National Congress divided into moderates and extremists factions.
  • The extremists were led by Lokmanya Tilak, Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal and the moderates were led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

2. Who among the following was not an extremist leader ?

(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(b) Madan Lal
(c) Udham Singh
(d) G.K. Gokhale

Correct Answer –  (d) G.K. Gokhale

  • Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a prominent social reformer and a freedom fighter of India.
  • He led the moderate nationalists and advocated moderate and constitutional methods of agitation and gradual reform. 
  • He joined the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1889 and presided over its 21st session in 1905 in Benaras.
  •  In 1907, Gokhale founded the Servants of India society to train and encourage the individuals to participate in public service and nation-building.
  • In 1911, he started an English weekly known as ‘The Hitavada’.

3. Who among the following accused the Indian National Congress of practicing the politics of ‘Pray, Petition and Protest’ ?


(a) Lala Hardayal
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Subhash Chandra Bose
(d) Sardar Bhagat Singh

Correct Answer – (b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

  • The first two decades of INC is considered as a moderate era. 
  • During this time, Prominent leaders were Dadabhai Naoroji, Surendra Nath Banerjee, Mahadev Govind Ranade, Feroz Shah Mehta, Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Anand Mohan Bose who were called moderates. 
  • They initially had a sense of confidence in British justice and believed in constitutional methods of agitation and gradual reform. 
  • During the early years of the 20th century, Leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal emerged who raised the extremist ideology of  Swadeshi, Boycott and Self-Government. 
  • B.G. Tilak accused the moderate faction of congress of practicing the politics of ‘Pray, Petition and Protest’.

4. Consider the following statements about Lala Lajpat Rai :

1. He was also known as ‘Sher-e-Punjab’ and ‘Punjab Kesari’.
2. He was among the moderate faction of the leaders of INC.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (a) 1 only

  • Lala Lajpat Rai was one of the greatest freedom fighters of India.
  • He was also known as ‘Sher-e-Punjab’ and ‘Punjab Kesari’.
  • He was among the extremist faction of the leaders of INC and along with Bipin Chandra Pal and Bal Gangadhar Tilak, he formed the Lal-Bal-Pal trio.
  • In 1928, while protesting against the Simon Commission in Lahore, he was brutally lathi-charged by Superintendent of Police, James Scott and died due to the sustained injuries.

5. Consider the following statements about Bal Gangadhar Tilak :

1. He popularized the Ganesh Chaturthi festival in the Maharashtra region.
2. Book ‘Gita Rahasya’ was written by him.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (c) Both 1 & 2

  • Bal Gangadhar Tilak was born on 23rd July 1856 in Ratnagiri, Maharashtra.
  • He was a devout Hindu and popularized the Ganesh Chaturthi festival in the Maharashtra region to enthuse nationalist feelings among masses.
  • He stressed on the need for self-rule and gave the famous slogan ‘Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it’.
  • In 1908 Tilak was sentenced to 6 years imprisonment due to the publication of some seditious articles in his weekly papers ‘The Kesari’.
  • Tilak wrote the book ‘Gita Rahasya’ during his imprisonment period in Mandalay Jail.
  • He also wrote the book ‘The Arctic Home in the Vedas’ in 1903.

6. Who among the following was called the ‘Father of Indian unrest’ by Valentine Chirol ?

(a) Lala Hardayal
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Subhash Chandra Bose
(d) Sardar Bhagat Singh

Correct Answer – (b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

  • English journalist Valentine Chirol called Tilak the ‘Father of Indian unrest’ in his book.

7. Who among the following was the founder of All India Muslim League ?

(a) Sir Saiyed Ahmad Khan
(b) Sir Mohammad Iqbal
(c) Agha Khan
(d) Nawab Salimullah Khan

Correct Answer – (d) Nawab Salimullah Khan

  • The All-India Muslim League was founded in 1906 with the agenda of advancement and protection of Muslim rights in India.
  • Nawab Salimullah Khan was the founder of muslim league.
  • Agha Khan was a founding member and first President of the All India Muslim League.

8. The Indian Council Act of 1909 also known as Morley-Minto reforms provided for which among the following ?

(a) Dyarchy
(b) Communal Representation
(c) All India Federation
(d) Provincial autonomy

Correct Answer – (b) Communal Representation

  • The Indian Council Act of 1909 also known as Morley-Minto reforms provided for communal representation for Muslims by introducing the concept of ‘Separate Electorates’. 
  • According to this system, Muslim members were to be elected only by Muslim electorates, not by general electorates in Councils.

9. Consider the following statements about the Lucknow Session of 1916 :

1. Moderates and Extremists factions of the INC united in this session.
2. Congress and All India Muslim League signed the historic Lucknow Pact.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (c) Both 1 & 2

  • In the Lucknow Session of 1916, the Moderates and Extremists factions of the INC united again after nearly a decade.
  • In the Lucknow Session, Congress and All India Muslim League signed the historic Lucknow Pact to give an impression of Hindu-Muslim unity.
  • Ambika Charan Majumdar presided over the Lucknow Session of 1916.

10. Which among the following events occurred during the Lucknow session of Congress in 1916 ?

(a) Separate electorate demand of Muslim League was accepted
(b) Temporary merger of Muslim League and Congress occurred
(c) First Muslim person was elected as President of Congress.
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer –  (a) Separate electorate demand of Muslim League was accepted

  • In the historic Lucknow Pact of 1916, Congress accepted the demand of a separate electorate for Muslims which was introduced by Morley-Minto reforms in 1909.
  • It is to be noted that Badruddin Tyyabji was the first Muslim President of Indian National Congress.
  • He presided over the third session of INC which was held in 1887 at Madras.

11. Consider the following statements about Annie Besant :

1. She started the Home Rule Movement in India.
2. She was the founder of the Theosophical Society.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (a) 1 only

  • During the first World War, Annie Besant and the Tilak started the Home Rule Movement in the country. 
  • Tilak started the Home Rule League on 28th April 1916 with its headquarters at Poona.
  • Home Rule League was founded by Annie Besant on 15 September 1916 with its headquarter at Adyar near Madras.
  • Even though Annie Besant was associated with the Theosophical Society, she was not its founder. It was founded by Madame Blavatsky and Henry Olcott.
  • It is important to note that Annie Besant became the first woman President of the Indian National Congress in 1917, Calcutta Session.

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Modern History MCQs – 9 (Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement)

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Modern History MCQs – 9 (Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement)

Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement MCQs with answers and explanations for UPSC and Other examinations.

Chapterwise MCQs

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1. In which of the following sessions of Indian National Congress, the resolution of ‘Swaraj’ was passed for the first time ?

(a) Banaras Session, 1905
(b) Calcutta Session, 1906
(c) Surat Session, 1907
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (b) Calcutta Session, 1906

  • At the Calcutta Congress session, ‘Swaraj’ was resolved as the goal of the Indian people in December, 1906. 
  • In his presidential address, Dadabhai Naoroji declared ‘Self-Government or Swaraj’ as the goal of the Indian National Congress.

2. Consider the following statements about Dadabhai Naoroji :

1. He wrote a book ‘Poverty and UnBritish Rule in India’.
2. He was elected as a member of British Parliament.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (c) Both 1 & 2

  • Dadabhai Naoroji was born in Navsari, Gujarat into a Parsi Zoroastrian family.
  • He is also known as the “Grand Old Man of India”. 
  • He was the first Indian to be elected as a member of British Parliament on the ticket of Liberal Party. 
  • He wrote a book ‘Poverty and UnBritish Rule in India’ in which he exposed the economic exploitation of India under British rule, emphasizing the drain of wealth theory.
  • He played a crucial role in the Indian National Congress and served as its President for three sessions in 1886 (Calcutta), 1893 (Lahore), and 1906 (Calcutta).
  • He started the ‘Rast Goftar’ Anglo-Gujarati Newspaper in 1854.

3. Which one of the following movements contributed to a split in the Indian National Congress ?

(a) Swadeshi Movement
(b) Quit India Movement
(c) Non-cooperation Movement
(d) Civil Disobedience Movement

Correct Answer –  (a) Swadeshi Movement

  • Following the Partition of Bengal in 1905,  The Extremists wanted to extend the Swadeshi and the Boycott Movement from Bengal to the rest of the country.
  • The Moderates wanted to confine the movement only to Bengal.
  • Ideological divide on the matters of Swadeshi, Boycott, National Education, and Self-Government led to the divide of congress.
  • In the Surat session of 1907, the Indian National Congress divided into moderates and extremists factions.

4. Which among the following events occurred last ?

(a) Annexation Policy
(b) Partition of Bengal
(c) Permanent Settlement
(d) Subsidiary Alliance

Correct Answer – (b) Partition of Bengal

  • The Permanent Settlement of Bengal was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793.
  • Subsidiary Alliance system was introduced by Lord Wellesley in India during 1798 to 1805. 
  • The Doctrine of Lapse was an annexation policy devised by Lord Dalhousie during 1848-56. 
  • Partition of Bengal is the last event among the options given. It was announced on 19 July 1905 by Lord Curzon.

5. Who among the following viceroy of India was responsible for the partition of Bengal ?

(a) Lord Harding
(c) Lord Lytton
(b) Lord Curzon
(d) Lord Minto

Correct Answer – (b) Lord Curzon

  • The partition of Bengal was announced on July 19, 1905 by the then Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon.
  • Partition came into effect on October 16, 1905. 
  • Partition was mainly done to curb the nationalist activities in Bengal by dividing the Hindu-Muslim unity.
  • Bengal was divided in such a way that the western part formed the Hindu majority area while the eastern part formed the Muslim majority area.

6. Which among the following methods were used by the nationalists against the partition of Bengal ?

1. Boycott
2. Swadeshi
3. Non-co-operation
4. National education

Select the correct answer :

(a) 1, 2 & 3
(c) 1, 3 & 4
(b) 2, 3 & 4
(d) 1, 2 & 4

Correct Answer –  (d) 1, 2 & 4

  • The partition of Bengal in 1905 led to mass protests and the launch of Swadeshi and Boycott Movement. 
  • During the Swadeshi Movement, the boycott of foreign goods was called by the nationalists.
  • Establishment of Swadeshi industries like textile mills, banks, chemical works and insurance companies took place. 
  • Swadeshi Stores were opened.
  • National education and Indian languages were encouraged.

7. The Swadeshi Movement was launched in the response of which among the following events ?

(a) Arrest Lala Lajpat Rai
(b) Imprisonment of Lokmanya Tilak
(c) The partition of Bengal
(d) Death sentence to Chapekar Brothers

Correct Answer – (c) The partition of Bengal

  • The Swadeshi Movement was launched in response to the partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon.
  • It was launched by Lokmanya Tilak in the Presidency of Mumbai and Pune.
  • Ajit Singh and Lala Lajpat Rai led the movement in Punjab and Uttar Pradesh.
  • Syed Haider Raja led the movement in the Presidency of Delhi.

8. Consider the following statements about Swadeshi Movement :

1. It did not appeal to masses.
2. It did not spread in south India.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (d) None of the above

  • The Swadeshi Movement spread to all classes and groups of people including women and children, school and college students.
  • It also spread in South India and Chidambaram Pillai provided the leadership in Madras presidency.

9. The partition of Bengal which was announced in 1905 was abolished in which among the following years ?

(a) 1906
(b) 1916
(c) 1911
(d) 1909

Correct Answer –  (c) 1911

  • The famous Delhi Durbar was organized in 1911 on the arrival of King George V and Queen Mary in India.
  • During the Delhi Darbar on December 12, 1911, the King abolished the division of Bengal.
  • Bengal was reorganized as the new province.
  • Orissa and Bihar were separated from Bengal. 
  • Assam became a new constituent State of India with the district of Sylhet combined with it.

10. The transfer of the Indian Capital from Calcutta to Delhi was announced in which among the following years ?

(a) 1906
(b) 1916
(c) 1911
(d) 1909

Correct Answer –  (c) 1911

  • During the Delhi Darbar on December 12, 1911, King George V announced the transfer of the Indian Capital from Calcutta to Delhi.

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Modern History MCQs – 8 (Important Sessions of Indian National Congress)

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Modern History MCQs – 8 (Important Sessions of Indian National Congress)

Important Sessions of Indian National Congress MCQs with answers and explanations for UPSC and Other examinations.

Chapterwise MCQs

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1. First Session of Indian National Congress was held in which among the following years ?

(a) 1884
(b) 1885
(c) 1886
(d) 1887

Correct Answer – (b) 1885

  • The Indian National Congress (INC) was established in 1885 and it grew to become one of the most prominent political parties in pre-independence India.
  • It was established by Allan Octavian Hume (A.O. Hume) who was a retired British officer of Indian Civil Service. 
  • On 28 December 1885, the first session of the Indian National Congress (INC) was held at Bombay.
  • Womesh Chandra Banerjee was chosen as the first president of INC.

2. The Indian National Congress was established during the viceroyalty of who among the following ?

(a) Lord Ripon
(c) Lord Elgin II
(b) Lord Lytton
(d) Lord Dufferin

Correct Answer – (d) Lord Dufferin

  • The Indian National Congress was established during the tenure of Lord Dufferin (1884-1888). 
  • He had ridiculed Congress as representing only a short-sighted minority of the people; however, contrary to his belief, Indian National Congress became one of the most prominent political parties in pre-independence India.

3. Who among the following was not part of the founding session of the Indian National Congress ?

(a) Dadabhai Naoroji
(b) G. Subramaniya Iyer
(c) Justice Ranade
(d) Surendranath Bannerjee

Correct Answer – (d) Surendranath Bannerjee

  • Surendranath Banerjee was not present in the founding session of Indian National Congress.
  • The second session of All Indian National Conference was held in Calcutta in December 1885 which was presided over by Surendranath Bannerjee.
  • Hence, he could not attend the founding session of Indian National Congress.

4. The second session of the Indian National Congress was presided over by who among the following ?

(a) Ganesh Agarkar
(b) Dadabhai Naoroji
(c) Surendranath Bannerjee
(d) Feroz Shah Mehta

Correct Answer –  (b) Dadabhai Naoroji

  • The second session of the Indian National Congress was held in Calcutta in 1886.
  • It was presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji.
  • In this session, The Indian National Conference was merged with the Indian National Congress. 
  • Besides this session, Dadabhai Naoroji also presided over the Lahore session in 1893 and Kolkata session in 1906.

5. Consider the following statements about Badruddin Tyyabji :

1. He was the first Muslim President of Indian National Congress.
2. He presided over the third session of INC.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (c) Both 1 & 2

  • Badruddin Tyyabji was the first Muslim President of Indian National Congress.
  • He presided over the third session of INC which was held in 1887 at Madras.

6. Who among the following was the first woman president of the Indian National Congress ?

(a) Sarojini Naidu
(b) Annie Besant
(c) Bhikaiji Cama
(d) None of the Above

Correct Answer –  (b) Annie Besant

  • Annie Besant was the first woman president of Indian National Congress.
  • She presided over the Calcutta Session of INC in 1917.
  • Sarojini Naidu was the first Indian woman President of INC.
  • She presided over the Kanpur Session in 1925.

7. Who among the following was never elected as a president of the Indian National Congress ?

(a) Lala Lajpat Rai
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Moti Lal Nehru
(d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Correct Answer – (d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

  • Lala Lajpat Rai presided over the special session of Indian National Congress at Calcutta in 1920. 
  • Annie Besant presided over the Calcutta Session of INC in 1917. 
  • Moti Lal Nehru presided over the Congress in 1919 and 1928.
  • Bal Gangadhar Tilak was never elected as President of Indian National Congress.

8. Who among the following was the youngest person to become the president of the Indian national Congress ?

(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Abul Kalam Azad
(c) Ananda Mohan Bose
(d) Mahatma Gandhi

Correct Answer – (b) Abul Kalam Azad

  • Abul Kalam Azad was the youngest person to become the president of the Indian National congress.
  • He presided over the special session of the Indian National Congress held at Delhi in 1923. 
  • He also presided over the Indian National Congress continuously for 6 years  from 1940-1946.

9. Who among the following presided over the famous Lahore session of INC in 1929 ?

(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Abul Kalam Azad
(c) Ananda Mohan Bose
(d) Mahatma Gandhi

Correct Answer – (a) Jawaharlal Nehru

  • The Indian National Congress on 19 December 1929 passed the historic ‘Purna Swaraj’ resolution at its Lahore session.
  • Jawaharlal Nehru was president of INC at the Lahore session in 1929. 
  • Congress Party urged Indians to celebrate ‘Independence Day’ on 26 January 1930.

10. In which session of INC, Congress divided into Moderates and Extremists ?

(a) Surat Session of 1907
(b) Lucknow Session of 1916
(c) Calcutta Session of 1917
(d) None of the Above

Correct Answer – (a) Surat Session of 1907

  • Following the Partition of Bengal in 1905,  The Extremists wanted to extend the Swadeshi and the Boycott Movement from Bengal to the rest of the country.
  • The Moderates wanted to confine the movement only to Bengal.
  • Ideological divide on the matters of Swadeshi, Boycott, National Education, and Self-Government led to the divide of congress.
  • In the Surat session of 1907, the Indian National Congress divided into moderates and extremists factions.

11. Consider the following statements about the Lucknow Session of 1916 :

1. Moderates and Extremists factions of the INC united in this session.
2. Congress and All India Muslim League signed the historic Lucknow Pact.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (c) Both 1 & 2

  • In the Lucknow Session of 1916, the Moderates and Extremists factions of the INC united again after nearly a decade.
  • In the Lucknow Session, Congress and All India Muslim League signed the historic Lucknow Pact to give an impression of Hindu-Muslim unity.
  • Ambika Charan Majumdar presided over the Lucknow Session of 1916.

12. In which of the following Sessions of the Indian National Congress, Bal Gangadhar Tilak gave the famous slogan of “Swaraj is my birthright, I shall have it”.

(a) Banaras Session of 1905
(b) Calcutta Session of 1906
(c) Surat Session of 1907
(d) Lucknow Session of 1916

Correct Answer –  (d) Lucknow Session of 1916 

  • In the Lucknow Session of 1916, Bal Gangadhar Tilak gave the famous slogan of “Swaraj is my birthright, I shall have it”.
  • In the Lucknow Session of 1916, the Moderates and Extremists factions of the INC united again after nearly a decade.
  • It must be noted that Annie Besant and Tilak played an instrumental role in bringing the two factions together.

13. “The Congress is faltering to its fall and one of my great ambitions while in India is to assist it to a peaceful demise”. This declaration was made by who among the following ?

(a) George Hamilton
(b) Lord Curzon
(c) Lord Dufferin
(d) Lord Minto

Correct Answer –  (b) Lord Curzon

  • Above slogan was given by Lord Curzon.

14. Consider the following statements :

1. Sarojini Naidu was the first Indian women President of Indian National Congress.
2. Mahatma Gandhi was never elected as a President of INC.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (a) 1 only

  • Sarojini Naidu was the first Indian women President of Indian National Congress. She presided over the 40th annual session at Kanpur in 1925.
  • Mahatma Gandhi presided INC only once in the Belgaum Session in1924.

15. ‘Jana-Gana-Mana’ was first sung in which of the following sessions of INC ?

(a) 1896 Session of INC
(b) 1905 Session of INC
(c) 1911 Session of INC
(d) 1916 Session of INC

Correct Answer – (c) 1911 Session of INC 

  • “Jana Gana Mana” is the national anthem of India. 
  • It was first sung during the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress on 27 December, 1911. 
  • “Jana Gana Mana” was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian National Anthem on 24 January, 1950.
  • “Jana Gana Mana” was originally written in Bengali.
  • The original poem written by Rabindranath Tagore was translated into Hindi by Abid Ali.

16. At the time of Independence, Who among the following was the President of the Indian National Congress ?

(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) J.B. Kripalani
(d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad

Correct Answer – (c) J.B. Kripalani

  • J. B. Kripalani was the President of Indian National Congress at the time of Independence. 
  • Jiwantram Bhagwandas Kripalani was a Gandhian Socialist, environmentalist and a freedom fighter.
  • Kripalani joined the All India Congress Committee and became its general secretary in 1928-29. 
  • Kripalani served in the interim Government of India during 1946-47.
  • He was also a member of the Constituent Assembly of India.

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Modern History MCQs – 7 (Organizations before Indian National Congress)

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Modern History MCQs – 7 (Organizations before Indian National Congress)

Organizations before Indian National Congress MCQs with answers and explanations for all examinations.

Chapterwise MCQs

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1. ‘Landholders’ Society’ was founded by who among the following ?

(a) Dwarkanath Tagore
(b) RajaramMohan Roy
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Dadabhai Noroji

Correct Answer – (a) Dwarka Nath Tagore

  • The first political organization to be started by Indians was the Landholders Society.
  • It was started with the narrow aim of safeguarding the interests of landlords.
  • They used only legal machinery to raise their demands.

2. Consider the following statements about Indian National Association:

1. It was founded by A O Hume.
2. The association opposed the lowering of the age limit for civil service examinations.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (b) 2 only

  • The  Indian National Association also known as Indian Association was founded in 1876 by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose.
  • It held its first annual conference in Calcutta. 
  • It merged with the Indian National Congress in 1885.
  • Main objectives:
    • To establish a powerful public opinion on political issues
    • To bring Indians together on common political issues.
    • It advocated for concurrent civil service examinations in both England and India.
    • Opposed the lowering of the age limit for civil service examinations in 1877.

3. Consider the following statements about East India Association:

1. It was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji.
2. It was established in London.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (c) Both 1 & 2

  • East India Association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in London.
  • Its first president was Lord Lyveden.
  • It provided a platform for discussing matters and ideas about India.

4. Consider the following statements about Poona Sarvajanik Sabha:

1. It was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji.
2. Its objective was to act as an intermediary between the government and the Indians.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (a) 1 only

  • Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was founded by Mahadev Govind Ranade, G.V. Joshi and S.H. Chiplonkar in 1870 in Pune.
  • Its objective was to act as an intermediary between the government and the Indians. 
  • It also worked for famine relief in the Deccan area.

5. Who among the following introduced the famous Ilbert Bill ?

(a) Lord Ripon
(b) Lord Lyton
(c) Lord Canning
(d) Lord Hastings

Correct Answer – (a) Lord Ripon

  • The famous Ilbert Bill was introduced by Lord Ripon in 1883.
  • It granted power to Indian district magistrates to try European criminals in their court.
  • It was an attempt to abolish the racial prejudice from the Indian Penal Code. 
  • However, due to intense opposition in Britain as well as India by the British residents, the Government had to soon amend the provisions of the bill.

6. Consider the following statements about Bombay Presidency Association :

1. It was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji.
2. It was founded in response to Lytton’s reactionary policies.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (b) 2 only

  • Bombay Presidency Association was founded by Pherozshah Mehta, K.T Telang, and Badruddin Tyabji in 1885.
  • It was founded in response to Lytton’s reactionary policies and following the controversy over the Ilbert Bill.

7. Consider the following statements about Madras Mahajan Sabha :

1. It was founded by P Ananda Charlu.
2. It was formed in 1884.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (c) Both 1 & 2

  • Madras Mahajan Sabha was a pre-congress political organization founded by M Veeraraghavachariar, G Subramania Iyer, and P Ananda Charlu in the Madras Presidency.
  • It was founded in May 1884.
  • Main Proposals:
    • Tax reduction
    • Concurrent Civil Service exams in England and India
    • Cuts in military spending by government
    • Fundamental rights for citizens

8. Which one of the following Indian leaders was dismissed by the British from the Indian Civil Service ?

(a) Satyendranath Tagore
(b) Surendranath Banerji
(c) R.C. Dutt
(d) Subhash Chandra Bose

Correct Answer – (b) Surendra Nath Banerji

  • Surendra Nath Banerjee was selected for the Indian civil services exam in 1809, however he was disqualified by the British on the technical grounds.
  • He was the founding member of ‘Indian Association’ and ‘Indian National Conference.’

9. Arrange the following organization on the basis of their year of formation :

1. Bombay Association
2. Indian Association
3. Madras Mahajan Sabha
4. Indian League

Select the correct sequence using the codes below :

(a) 1, 2, 3, 4
(c) 3, 4, 2, 1
(b) 2, 3, 1, 4
(d) 1, 4, 3, 2

Correct Answer – (d) 1, 4, 3, 2

  • Bombay Association →  Founded by Dada Bhai Naroji in August, 1852, It was the first political organization in the Bombay presidency.
  • Indian League →  Founded by Shishir Kumar Ghosh in September, 1875
  • Indian Association → Founded by Surendra Nath Banerjee and Anand Mohan Bose in July, 1876
  • Madras Mahajan Sabha → Founded by G. Subramaniam, P. Anand Charlu and V. Raghava Chari in May, 1884

10. Who was the first President of the Indian National Congress ?

(a) Womesh Chandra Banerjee
(b) A O Hume
(c) George Yule
(d) Dadabhai Noroji

Correct Answer – (a) Womesh Chandra Banerjee

  • The Indian National Congress (INC) was established in 1885 and it grew to become one of the most prominent political parties in pre-independence India.
  • On 28 December 1885, the first session of the Indian National Congress (INC) was held at Bombay.
  • Womesh Chandra Banerjee was chosen as the first president of INC.

11. Who was the first European President of the Indian National Congress ?

(a) Womesh Chandra Banerjee
(b) A O Hume
(c) George Yule
(d) Sir William Wedderburn

Correct Answer – (c) George Yule

  • George Yule was the first European president of INC. In the year 1888, he served as the president in the Allahabad session of INC. 
  • It is to be noted that Sir William Wedderburn was also a European who twice served as President of the Indian National Congress.
  • He presided over the fourth congress in 1889 and over the twenty-fifth session in 1910.

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