Union and Its Territory(Part – 1 of the Constitution) | Indian Polity notes
The first part of the Indian Constitution contains Articles 1 to 4. It deals with the Indian Union and its territories.
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Read in detail about the Regulating Act of 1773
The Regulating Act of 1773 was the first step taken by the British Parliament to control and regulate the affairs of the East India Company in India. Before we dive deeper into the provisions of this act, let’s understand why this act was brought by the British parliament in the first place.
The English East India Company was established on 31 December 1600 as per the Royal Charter issued by the Queen of England, Elizabeth I. Under this charter, the Company got the exclusive right of trading in India.
However, After the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and the Battle of Buxar in 1764, the Company became a political power in India. In 1772, The company appointed Warren Hastings as governor of Bengal.
Early administration of the Company was corrupt and notorious. When the Company was in financial trouble, its servants were becoming richer every day by doing private trade.
Also, The Dual form of administration instituted by Robert Clive was very complex which brought lot of hardships for farmers and the general population.
The disastrous famine which broke out in Bengal in 1770 affected the agriculturists. As a result, the revenue collection was also poor.
In short, the Company was on the brink of bankruptcy. In 1773, the Company approached the British government for an immediate loan. It was under these circumstances that the Parliament of England resolved to regulate the affairs of the Company.
The important provisions of the Act were:
The greatest merit of this Act was that it put an end to the arbitrary rule of the Company and provided a framework for all future enactments relating to the governance of India.
The main defect of the Act were :
Many of these defects were rectified by the Amending Act of 1781, also known as the Act of Settlement and later by the Pitt’s India Act of 1784.
The first part of the Indian Constitution contains Articles 1 to 4. It deals with the Indian Union and its territories.
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