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Ancient History MCQs – 6 ( Jainism )

Jainism MCQs with answers and explanations for preparation of UPSC, State PSCs and other Examinations

1. How many Jain Tirthankaras were there in ancient India ?

(a) 23
(b) 24
(c) 16
(d) 22

Correct Answer – (b) 24 

  • The word ‘Jain’ is derived from ‘Jina’ or ‘Jaina’ which means ‘The Conqueror’.
  • According to Jain traditions, a Tirthankara is a person who has conquered the cycle of death and rebirth and can pave the way for others to follow. 
  • As per the Jain traditions, there were twenty-four Tirthankaras. 
  • The last Jain Tirthankara was Lord Mahavira.

2. The first Tirthankara of Jainism was:

(a) Rishabhanatha/Rishabhadeva
(b) Vardhaman Mahavir
(c) Parsvnath
(d) Siddhartha

Correct Answer(a) Rishabhanatha/Rishabhadeva

  • Rishabhanatha/Rishabhadeva was the first TÄ«rthankara of Jainism. 
  • He is also known as Adinatha which means “First (Adi) Lord (Natha).
  • A symbol was associated with every Tirthankara and the symbol used for him is Bull.

3. Twenty third Jain Tirthankara was associated with ?

(a) Vaishali
(b) Kausambi
(c) Varanasi
(d) Sravasti

Correct Answer – (c) Varanasi

  • Parsvanatha was the 23rd Jain Tirthankar. 
  • He was the son of king Ashvasena and queen Vama of Varanasi. 
  • He achieved Nirvana on the Sammed Sikhar(one of the holiest pilgrimage sites for Jains located in Giridih district, Jharkhand). 
  • His symbol → Snake

4. The last Tirthankara of Jainism was ?

(a) Siddhartha
(b) Silabhadra
(c) Parsvnath
(d) Mahavira

Correct Answer (d) Mahavira

  • Mahavira, also known as Vardhamana was 24th Tirthankar of Jainism.
  • The symbol used for him was Lion. 
  • He was born in 599 BC as son of King Siddartha and Queen Trishala in a village called Kundagrama near Vaishali(Presently located in Muzaffarpur district of Bihar.).
  • His father Siddharta was the head of the Jnathrika Kshatriya clan and his mother Trishala was a sister of Chetaka, the king of Vaishali.
  • At the age of 30 years, he renounced his home and became an ascetic.
  • He practiced austerity for 12 years and attained highest spiritual knowledge called Kaivalya(i.e conquered misery and happiness) at the age of 42 years.
  • He passed away at the age of 72 in 468 B.C. at the Pawapuri in Bihar.

5. ‘Shravanabelagola’, one of the most important religious places of Jainism, is located in which among the following states ?

(a) Bihar
(b) Karnataka
(c) Maharashtra
(d) Orissa

Correct Answer (b) Karnataka

  • Shravanabelagola is an important Jain pilgrimage site located in South Karnataka.
  • It is famous for the Gomateshwara/Bahubali Statue located here.
  • Other important Jain pilgrimage site in India are:
    • Sammed Shikharji – Located in the Parasnath Hills of Jharkhand
    • Pawapuri – Located in the Nalanda district of Bihar
    • Ranakpur – Known for its Jain temples, Located in in Rajasthan
    • The Dilwara Temples, Rajasthan
    • Udayagiri, Madhya Pradesh
    • Ellora Caves, Maharashtra
    • Shatrunjaya Hill – Located Palitana town of in Gujarat
    • Girnar – Known for its Jain temples, Located in in Gujarat

6. Consider the following about the spread of Jainism:

1. Mahavira allowed both men and women to join Jain Sanghas.
2. Many rulers of Southern India patronized Jainism.
3. Chandragupta Maurya is said to have persecuted Jainas.

Select the correct answer using the codes below.

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 only
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer (a) 1 and 2 only

  • Mahavira organized the Sangha to spread his teachings. 
  • He admitted both men and women in the Sangha, which consisted of both monks and lay followers.
  • The rapid spread of Jainism was due to the dedicated work of the members of the Sangha. It spread rapidly in Western India and Karnataka.
  • Chandragupta Maurya, Kharavela of Kalinga and the royal dynasties of south India such as Gangas, Kadambas, Chalukyas and Rashtrakutas patronized Jainism.
  • Chandragupta Maurya during his last days traveled south India at Shravanabelagola. There he meditated and practiced santhara till his death.

7. The Principle of ‘Right Faith’ as propounded by Mahavira Jaina states which among the following teachings ?

(a) All sentient beings are destined to salvation
(b) All must understand their role in spiritual life and strictly follow the doctrine of ahimsa
(c) All should have the unshaken belief in the teachings and wisdom of Mahavira
(d) There is no God or a creator

Correct Answer  (c) All should have the unshaken belief in the teachings and wisdom of Mahavira

  • The three principles or Triratnas of Jainism are:
    • Samyak Shradha/ Vishwas (Right Faith) — Belief of Tirthankaras
    • Samyak  Gyan (Right Knowledge) — Having an accurate and sufficient knowledge of the real universe
    • Samyak Karma/Acharana (Right Action/Conduct) — Practise of 5 vows of Jainism

8. Consider the following statements:

1. Mahavira regarded all objects, both animate and inanimate, to have souls.
2. He even considered the practice of agriculture as sinful.

Select the correct answer using the codes below:

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) All of the above
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer (c) All of the above

  • Mahavira regarded all objects, both animate and inanimate, to have souls and possess life and feel pain when they are injured. 
  • Even the practice of agriculture was considered sinful as it causes injury to the earth, worms and animals.

9. Consider the following statements :

1. Digambaras believed that women cannot achieve liberation without first being reborn as a man.
2. Digambara monks were not allowed any possessions.

Which of the above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer(c)  Both 1 and 2

  • By the end of the fourth century B.C., there was a serious famine in the Ganges valley. Many Jain monks led by Bhadrabagu and Chandragupta Maurya came to Shravanabelagola in Karnataka.
  • Those who stayed back in north India were led by a monk named Sthulabahu who changed the code of conduct for the monks. 
  • This led to the division of Jainism into two sects Svetambaras and Digambaras.
  • The two sects agreed on the basics of Jainism, but disagreed on:
    • Details of the life of Mahavira
    • The spiritual status of women
    • Whether monks should wear clothes or not
    • Which texts should be accepted as scripture
  • As per Digambara sect, women cannot achieve liberation without first being reborn as a man. This is because women cannot live a truly ascetic life, because they have to possess clothes. Svetambara, on the other hand believed that women are equally capable of achieving liberation as a man.
  • Digambara monks were not allowed any worldly possessions, not even begging bowls; however Svetambara monks were allowed to possess 14 specified things.
  • Digambara also do not recognize the Shwetambara canon of religious texts but believe that the early literature was gradually forgotten and lost
  • Digambaras believe that Mahavira never married.

10. What is/are common between the teachings of Jainism and Buddhism ?

1. Acceptance of the theory that God exists.
2. To practice ahimsa.
3. Penance and extreme austerity is the only way to achieve salvation

Select the correct answer using the codes below.

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) All of the above

Correct Answer (b) 2 only

  • Right Knowledge (as per Mahavira) is the acceptance of the theory that there is no God and that the world has been existing without a creator.
  • Jainism did not believe in God.
  • Buddhism also generally did not believe in a monotheistic creator deity, however Buddhism acknowledged the existence of supernatural figures called devas.
  • Buddha taught that the soul does not exist whereas Jainism preached that all the objects possess souls.
  • Only Jainism advocated extreme penance. Buddhism preached moderation.

11. Which among the following caves is/are related to jainism ?

1. Udayagiri-Khandagiri Caves(Orissa)
2. Hathi-gumpha Cave(Odisha)
3. Sittanavasal Cave(Tamil Nadu)

Select the correct answer using the codes below.

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) All of the above

Correct Answer (d)All of the above

Important caves related to Jainism are: 

  • Ellora Caves (Cave No. 30-35) → Maharashtra
  • Udayagiri-Khandagiri Caves →  Odisha
  • Hathi-gumpha Cave → Odisha
  • Sittanavasal Cave → Tamil Nadu

12. Dilwara Temples located in Rajasthan are related to which among the following religions ?

(a) Jainism
(b) Buddhism
(c) Hinduism
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer (a) Jainism

  • The Dilwara Temples are a group of Åšvetambara Jain temples located in Mount Abu, Rajasthan.

13. Consider the following statements:

1. First Jain Council was held at Patliputra
2. The Second Jain Council was held at Vallabhi

Select the correct statements using the codes below:

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer  (c)  Both 1 & 2

  • First Jain Council was held at Patliputra in 3rd Century B.C..
  • It was presided over by Sthulbhadra.
  • The Second Jain Council was held at Vallabhi in 512 A.D..
  • It was presided over by Devardhi Kshmasramana. 
  • Final Compilations of 12 Angas and 12 Upangas happened in this council.

14. Anekantavada is a core theory and philosophy of which one of the following ?

(a) Buddhism
(b) Jainism
(c) Sikhism
(d) Vaishnavism

Correct Answer(b)  Jainism

  • Anekantavada is the Jain doctrine about metaphysical truths that states that the ultimate truth and reality is complex and has multiple aspects. 
  • As per this, reality can be examined from many standpoints.

15. Which of the following pairs of religious texts are matched correctly ?

1. Milind Panha → Buddhism
2. Agamas → Jainism
3. Upanishads → Hinduism

(a) 2 & 3 Only
(b) 3 Only
(c) 1 & 2 Only
(d) All of the above

Correct Answer(d) All of the above

  • Milinda Panha also known as ’Questions of Milinda’ is a Buddhist text.
  • It is a record of dialogues between the Buddhist sage Nagasena, and the Indo-Greek king Menander I.
  • Agamas are the texts containing the teachings of Mahavira.
  • They are the holy scriptures of Svetambara Jainism. 
  • Mahavira’s disciples of the Svetambara sect compiled his words into texts or sutras, and memorized them to pass on to future generations.
  • Upaniá¹£ads are Hindu ancient texts written in Sanskrit which contain the theories on meditation and philosophy.

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