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Physical and World Geography MCQs – 01 (Latitudes and Longitudes)

Latitudes and Longitudes MCQs with answers and explanations for all examinations.

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1. Consider the following statements:

1. The equator represents the zero degree latitude.
2. The latitude of the equator divides earth into two unequal parts.

Which of the above statements is/are correct:
(a) 1 Only
(b) 2 Only
(c) None of the above
(d) All are Correct

Correct Answer – (a) 1 Only 

  • The latitude of the equator divides earth into two equal parts.
  • The northern half of the earth is known as the Northern Hemisphere and the southern half is known as the Southern Hemisphere.
  • All parallel circles from the equator up to the poles are called parallels of latitudes.
  • Latitudes are measured in degrees.

2. Consider the following statements:

1. Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn represent lines of latitudes.
2. The region of earth between them is called the Torrid Zone.

Which of the above statements is/are correct:

(a) 1 Only
(b) 2 Only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) None

Correct Answer – (c) Both 1 and 2 

  • Besides the equator (0°), the North Pole (90°N) and the South Pole (90° S), there are four important parallels of latitudes as follows:
    • Tropic of Cancer (23½° N) in the Northern Hemisphere.
    • Tropic of Capricorn (23½° S) in the Southern Hemisphere.
    • Arctic Circle (66 1⁄2° N) in the Northern Hemisphere.r.
    • Antarctic Circle (66½° S) in the Southern Hemisphere.
  • The region of earth between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn is called the Torrid Zone.
  • In these areas, the mid-day sun shines exactly overhead at least once a year and hence these areas receive the maximum heat.

3. Consider the following statements:

1. The mid-day sun never shines overhead on any latitude beyond the Tropic of Cancer.
2. The areas lying between the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere are called Temperate Zones.

Which of the above statements is/are correct:

(a) 1 Only
(b) 2 Only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) None

Correct Answer – (a) 1 Only 

  • The mid-day sun never shines overhead on any latitude beyond the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The angle of the sun’s rays goes on decreasing towards the poles.
  • The areas bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in the Northern Hemisphere, and the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle in the Southern Hemisphere, have moderate temperatures and therefore, are called Temperate Zones.
  • The areas located between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere and the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere, are very cold and called Frigid Zones.

4. Prime Meridian is a line of longitude representing:

(a) Zero Degree Longitude.
(b) 180 Degree Longitude.
(c) 360 Degree Longitude.
(d) None of the Above

Correct Answer – (a) Zero Degree Longitude

  • Unlike parallels of latitude, all meridians are of equal length.
  • The meridian which passes through Greenwich, where the British Royal Observatory is located is called the Prime Meridian.
  • Its value is 0° longitude.
  • The Prime Meridian and 180° meridian divide the earth into two equal halves, the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere.

5. Consider the following statements:

1. When earth moves around its own axis, it is called Revolution.
2. When earth moves in its orbit, it is called Rotation.
3. Rotation results in change of seasons and Revolution results in Day and Nights on earth.

Which of the above statements is/are correct:

(a) 3 Only
(b) 1 and 2 Only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (d) None of the above

  • Rotation is the movement of the earth on its axis.
  • The movement of the earth around the sun in a fixed path(called orbit) is called Revolution.
  • The axis of the earth, which is an imaginary line, makes an angle of 66½° with its orbital plane. 
  • The earth receives light from the sun. Due to the spherical shape of the earth, only half of it gets light from the sun at a time. 
  • The portion facing the sun experiences day while the other half away from the sun experiences night.
  • Hence, Rotation results in Day and Nights on earth.
  • The rotation of earth around the sun in its orbit is called revolution. It takes 365¼ days (one year) to revolve around the sun. 
  • Seasons change due to the change in the position of the earth around the sun.

6. Equinox refers to:

(a) Lunar eclipse
(b) Solar eclipse.
(c) Both a and b
(d) Equal Day and Night on Earth

Correct Answer – (d) Equal Day and Night on Earth

  • On 21st March and September 23rd, direct rays of the sun fall on the equator. 
  • At this position, neither of the poles is tilted towards the sun; so, the whole earth experiences equal length of days and equal nights. 
  • This phenomenon is called an equinox.

7. Indian Standard Meridian is ?

(a) 77.5 Degree East Longitude
(b) 82.5 Degree East Longitude
(c) 82.5 Degree West Longitude
(d) 87.5 Degree East Longitude

Correct Answer – (b) 82.5 Degree East Longitude

  • In India, the longitude of 82½° E (82° 30′ E) is treated as the standard meridian. 
  • The local time at this meridian is taken as the standard time for the whole country. It is known as the Indian Standard Time (IST).

8. Which among the following is considered as the international date line ?

(a) 0 Degree East Longitude
(b) 180 Degree East Longitude
(c) 60 Degree West Longitude
(d) 82.5 Degree East Longitude

Correct Answer – (b) 180 Degree East Longitude

  • The international date line passes through the mid-Pacific Ocean and roughly follows a 180 degrees longitude on the Earth. 
  • It was established in 1884.
  • It is located directly opposite to the prime meridian — the 0 degrees longitude line in Greenwich, England.
  • It is to be noted that the International Date Line isn’t a fixed line but actually sort of follows the 180° longitude line, zigzagging in its way through a group of small islands, territories and nations.

9. Consider the following Statements regarding Heat Zones of the earth:

1. The area between the tropic of cancer and Tropic of Capricorn which receive the maximum heat is called frigid zone.
2. Areas located between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere and the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere are very cold and are called torrid zones.

Select the correct statements:

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) All are correct
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (d) None of the above

  • The area between the tropic of cancer and Tropic of Capricorn which receive the maximum heat is called torrid zones. 
  • Areas lying between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere and the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere, are very cold and are called frigid zones.

10. Which is the only continent that lies in all 4 hemispheres:

(a) Asia
(b) Europe
(c) Africa
(d) North America

Correct Answer – (c) Africa

  • Africa is the only continent which lies in all 4 hemispheres due to the equator and Prime Meridian both passing through the continent.

11. Which of the following rivers crosses the equator twice ?

1. Nile
2. Congo
3. Amazon

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 3 only

Correct Answer – (b) 2 only 

  • Congo river also known as Zaire River is the only river in the world that crosses the equator twice.
  • Congo is the second longest river located in the African continent, after the Nile.

12. Latitude of a place generally and mostly affects which among the following ?

(a) Time
(b) Temperature
(c) Rainfall
(d) Topography

Correct Answer – (b) Temperature

  • Among given options, Latitude most prominently affects the temperature of a place. 
  • Latitude is the measurement of the distance of a location on the Earth from the equator. 
  • The further away from the equator a location resides, the less sunlight it receives and colder it is.

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