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Modern History MCQs – 11 (Arrival of Gandhi and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre)

Arrival of Gandhi and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre MCQs with answers and explanations for UPSC and Other examinations.

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1. Which of the following magazines was published by Mahatma Gandhi during his stay in South Africa ?

(a) Bengal Gazette
(b) India Gazette
(c) Africaner
(d) Indian opinion

Correct Answer – (d) Indian opinion

  • In 1894 Gandhiji founded ‘Natal Indian Congress’ in South Africa.
  • He founded the ‘Tolstoy Farm’ with his associates and lived there. 
  • He published a magazine called ‘Indian Opinion’ in South Africa.
  • He also founded ‘Phoenix Farm’ in December 1904.

2. In which year Gandhi returned from South Africa ?

(a) 1915
(b) 1917
(c) 1916
(d) 1918

Correct Answer – (a) 1915

  • In January, 1915 Mahatma Gandhi returned from South Africa and people of India warmly welcomed him. 
  • His struggles and the success stories of South Africa had already made him very popular in India.

3. Mahatma Gandhi regarded who among the following as his Political Guru ?

(a) Lala Lajpat Rai
(b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji
(d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Correct Answer – (b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

  • Mahatma Gandhi regarded Gopal Krishna Gokhale as his Political Guru.
  • He linked himself to India’s active politics under the influence of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
  • In 1912, Gokhale also visited South Africa at Gandhi’s invitation.

4. Which among the following was the first Satyagraha movement led by Mahatma Gandhi in India ?

(a) Champaran Satyagraha
(b) Kheda Satyagraha
(c) Non-Cooperation Movement
(d) Quit India Movement

Correct Answer – (a) Champaran Satyagraha

  • Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat.
  • Before entering Indian politics in 1915, he was in South Africa from 1893 to 1914 where he developed and experimented with the philosophy of non-violence and Satyagraha.
  • Champaran Satyagraha was the first Satyagraha movement led by Mahatma Gandhi in India.
  • It was against the ‘Teen Kathia’ system in which the tenant farmers of Champaran were forced by the British planters to cultivate indigo in the 3/20th part of their holding.

5. Who among the following leaders joined Gandhiji in the Champaran Satyagraha ?

(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(b) Subhash Chandra Bose
(c) Rajendra Prasad
(d) None of these

Correct Answer – (c) Rajendra Prasad

  • The local leaders of Bihar such as Brajkishore Prasad and Raj Kumar Shukla first met Mahatma Gandhi at the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress in 1916 where they informed Gandhi about the problems of Champaran peasants.
  • Gandhi arrived in Champaran 10 April 1917.
  • He was supported by Brajkishore Prasad, Rajendra Prasad, Anugrah Narayan Sinha and J.B. Kripalani among the others.
  • As a result of the Champaran Satyagraha, the ‘Teen Kathia’ system was abolished.

6. During the Jallianwala Bagh incident, people were peacefully protesting against ?

(a) Ilbert Bill
(b) Rowlatt Act
(c) Partition of Bengal
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (b) Rowlatt Act

  • On 18 March 1919, the British government passed the infamous Rowlatt Act which allowed the detention of political prisoners without trial for up to two years. 
  • This was mainly passed to curb the nationalist activities.
  • On April 13, 1919, on Baisakhi day, a large crowd gathered in Jallianwala Bagh to peacefully protest against the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of nationalist leaders Gandhiji, Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satyapal.
  • General Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on the unarmed crowd resulting in the death of more than 1000 men, women and children.

7. After which among the following incidents, Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood ?

(a) Death of Bhagat Singh
(b) Death of Lala Lajpat Rai
(c) Jallianwala Bagh incident
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (c) Jallianwala Bagh incident

  • Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. 
  • He renounced his knighthood in protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

8. Who among the following was the Viceroy of India at the time of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre ?

(a) Lord Chelmsford
(c) Lord Dalhousie
(b) Lord Minto
(d) Lord Canning

Correct Answer –  (a) Lord Chelmsford 

  • Lord Chelmsford was the Viceroy of India at the time of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919. 
  • Major events during the Viceroyalty of Lord Chelmsford:
    • Enactment of the Government of India, 1919 also known as Montague-Chelmsford Reforms
    • Enactment of Rowlatt Act (1919)
    • The Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy (1919)
    • Beginning of the Non-cooperation Movement

9. What is the correct chronological sequence of the following events ?

1. Champaran Satyagrah
2. Ahmedabad Mill strike
3. Kheda Satyagraha

Select your answer using the codes below :

(a) 2, 3, 1
(b) 3, 2, 1
(c) 1, 2, 3
(d) None of the Above

Correct Answer – (c) 1, 2, 3

  • The chronological sequence is as follows :
  • Champaran Satyagraha → 1917 →  Against forced Indigo farming 
  • Ahmedabad Mill strike → February 1918 → Against mill owners for the issue of Plague bonus of Industrial workers.
  • Kheda Satyagraha → March, 1918 → Against the payment of high taxes levied by the British, when people were unable to pay due to crop failure.

10. Gandhiji was not involved in which among the following Movements ?

(a) Swadeshi Movement
(b) Khilafat Movement
(c) Individual Satyagraha
(d) Quit India Movement

Correct Answer – (a) Swadeshi Movement

  • Gandhiji was not involved in the Swadeshi Movement. 
  • Swadeshi Movement was started to protest against the partition of Bengal in 1905.
  • During this period Gandhi was residing in South Africa. 
  • Khilafat Movement, Individual Satyagraha and Quit India Movement was led by Mahatma Gandhi.

11. The instrument of ‘Fast unto death’ was used by Mahatma Gandhi for the first time in India in which among the following events ?

(a) Champaran Satyagrah
(b) Ahmedabad Mill strike
(c) Kheda Satyagraha
(d) None of the Above

Correct Answer – (b) Ahmedabad Mill strike

  •  The instrument of  ‘Fast unto death’ was used by Mahatma Gandhi for the first time in India during the Ahmedabad Mill strike against the owners of a cotton textile mill for the Plague bonus of workers. 
  • As a result, the mill owners gave up and a settlement was reached with the workers.

12. First all India movement launched by Gandhi was which among the following ?

(a) Non-Cooperation Movement
(b) Rowlatt Satyagraha
(c) Champaran Movement
(d) Dandi March

Correct Answer – (b) Rowlatt Satyagraha

  • The first all India movement launched by Gandhi was the Rowlatt Satyagraha which was launched in response to the infamous Rowlatt act.
  • This movement was joined by people from all religions, castes, age groups and both the genders.
  • National newspapers and political journals covered this movement extensively and it spread across almost the whole India.
  • The Movements launched by Gandhiji before Rowlatt Satyagraha were  Champaran Peasant Movement (1917), Ahmedabad Mill Workers Movement (1918) and Kheda Peasant Movement(1918).
  • It is to be noted that these movements were limited to the specific issue of a particular section of the society. 
  • They were also limited to a particular area.

13. Consider the following statements about The Hunter Committee :

1. It was set up to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy
2. No Indian was a member of this Committee.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer – (a) 1 only

  • Following the Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy, the British Government established a Disorders Inquiry Committee headed by Lord William Hunter.
  • The Committee had 7 members: 4 British and 3 Indians. 
  • In its report, the Committee, although it condemned most of the decisions taken by General Dyer, It agreed with the imposition of martial law in Punjab.
  • It criticized the method of Satyagraha adopted by Gandhi and held Gandhi partially responsible for ‘deteriorated’ law and order situation.
  • Dyer was sent to England and he was relieved of his duties.

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