Modern History MCQs – 1 (Arrival of Europeans in India)
February 19, 2023
Most important multiple choice questions from the chapter – Arrival of Europeans in India MCQs.
Modern History MCQs – 10 (Surat Split and Lucknow Pact)
Surat Split and Lucknow Pact MCQs with answers and explanations for UPSC and Other examinations.
Chapterwise MCQs
Short Notes
1. Which one of the following movements contributed to a split in the Indian National Congress ?
(a) Swadeshi Movement
(b) Quit India Movement
(c) Non-cooperation Movement
(d) Civil Disobedience Movement
Correct Answer – (a) Swadeshi Movement
- Following the Partition of Bengal in 1905, The Extremists wanted to extend the Swadeshi and the Boycott Movement from Bengal to the rest of the country.
- The Moderates wanted to confine the movement only to Bengal.
- Ideological divide on the matters of Swadeshi, Boycott, National Education, and Self-Government led to the divide of congress.
- In the Surat session of 1907, the Indian National Congress divided into moderates and extremists factions.
- The extremists were led by Lokmanya Tilak, Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal and the moderates were led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
2. Who among the following was not an extremist leader ?
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(b) Madan Lal
(c) Udham Singh
(d) G.K. Gokhale
Correct Answer – (d) G.K. Gokhale
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a prominent social reformer and a freedom fighter of India.
- He led the moderate nationalists and advocated moderate and constitutional methods of agitation and gradual reform.
- He joined the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1889 and presided over its 21st session in 1905 in Benaras.
- In 1907, Gokhale founded the Servants of India society to train and encourage the individuals to participate in public service and nation-building.
- In 1911, he started an English weekly known as ‘The Hitavada’.
3. Who among the following accused the Indian National Congress of practicing the politics of ‘Pray, Petition and Protest’ ?
(a) Lala Hardayal
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Subhash Chandra Bose
(d) Sardar Bhagat Singh
Correct Answer – (b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- The first two decades of INC is considered as a moderate era.
- During this time, Prominent leaders were Dadabhai Naoroji, Surendra Nath Banerjee, Mahadev Govind Ranade, Feroz Shah Mehta, Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Anand Mohan Bose who were called moderates.
- They initially had a sense of confidence in British justice and believed in constitutional methods of agitation and gradual reform.
- During the early years of the 20th century, Leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal emerged who raised the extremist ideology of Swadeshi, Boycott and Self-Government.
- B.G. Tilak accused the moderate faction of congress of practicing the politics of ‘Pray, Petition and Protest’.
4. Consider the following statements about Lala Lajpat Rai :
1. He was also known as ‘Sher-e-Punjab’ and ‘Punjab Kesari’.
2. He was among the moderate faction of the leaders of INC.
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above
Correct Answer – (a) 1 only
- Lala Lajpat Rai was one of the greatest freedom fighters of India.
- He was also known as ‘Sher-e-Punjab’ and ‘Punjab Kesari’.
- He was among the extremist faction of the leaders of INC and along with Bipin Chandra Pal and Bal Gangadhar Tilak, he formed the Lal-Bal-Pal trio.
- In 1928, while protesting against the Simon Commission in Lahore, he was brutally lathi-charged by Superintendent of Police, James Scott and died due to the sustained injuries.
5. Consider the following statements about Bal Gangadhar Tilak :
1. He popularized the Ganesh Chaturthi festival in the Maharashtra region.
2. Book ‘Gita Rahasya’ was written by him.
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above
Correct Answer – (c) Both 1 & 2
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak was born on 23rd July 1856 in Ratnagiri, Maharashtra.
- He was a devout Hindu and popularized the Ganesh Chaturthi festival in the Maharashtra region to enthuse nationalist feelings among masses.
- He stressed on the need for self-rule and gave the famous slogan ‘Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it’.
- In 1908 Tilak was sentenced to 6 years imprisonment due to the publication of some seditious articles in his weekly papers ‘The Kesari’.
- Tilak wrote the book ‘Gita Rahasya’ during his imprisonment period in Mandalay Jail.
- He also wrote the book ‘The Arctic Home in the Vedas’ in 1903.
6. Who among the following was called the ‘Father of Indian unrest’ by Valentine Chirol ?
(a) Lala Hardayal
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Subhash Chandra Bose
(d) Sardar Bhagat Singh
Correct Answer – (b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- English journalist Valentine Chirol called Tilak the ‘Father of Indian unrest’ in his book.
7. Who among the following was the founder of All India Muslim League ?
(a) Sir Saiyed Ahmad Khan
(b) Sir Mohammad Iqbal
(c) Agha Khan
(d) Nawab Salimullah Khan
Correct Answer – (d) Nawab Salimullah Khan
- The All-India Muslim League was founded in 1906 with the agenda of advancement and protection of Muslim rights in India.
- Nawab Salimullah Khan was the founder of muslim league.
- Agha Khan was a founding member and first President of the All India Muslim League.
8. The Indian Council Act of 1909 also known as Morley-Minto reforms provided for which among the following ?
(a) Dyarchy
(b) Communal Representation
(c) All India Federation
(d) Provincial autonomy
Correct Answer – (b) Communal Representation
- The Indian Council Act of 1909 also known as Morley-Minto reforms provided for communal representation for Muslims by introducing the concept of ‘Separate Electorates’.
- According to this system, Muslim members were to be elected only by Muslim electorates, not by general electorates in Councils.
9. Consider the following statements about the Lucknow Session of 1916 :
1. Moderates and Extremists factions of the INC united in this session.
2. Congress and All India Muslim League signed the historic Lucknow Pact.
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above
Correct Answer – (c) Both 1 & 2
- In the Lucknow Session of 1916, the Moderates and Extremists factions of the INC united again after nearly a decade.
- In the Lucknow Session, Congress and All India Muslim League signed the historic Lucknow Pact to give an impression of Hindu-Muslim unity.
- Ambika Charan Majumdar presided over the Lucknow Session of 1916.
10. Which among the following events occurred during the Lucknow session of Congress in 1916 ?
(a) Separate electorate demand of Muslim League was accepted
(b) Temporary merger of Muslim League and Congress occurred
(c) First Muslim person was elected as President of Congress.
(d) None of the above
Correct Answer – (a) Separate electorate demand of Muslim League was accepted
- In the historic Lucknow Pact of 1916, Congress accepted the demand of a separate electorate for Muslims which was introduced by Morley-Minto reforms in 1909.
- It is to be noted that Badruddin Tyyabji was the first Muslim President of Indian National Congress.
- He presided over the third session of INC which was held in 1887 at Madras.
11. Consider the following statements about Annie Besant :
1. She started the Home Rule Movement in India.
2. She was the founder of the Theosophical Society.
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 & 2
(d) None of the above
Correct Answer – (a) 1 only
- During the first World War, Annie Besant and the Tilak started the Home Rule Movement in the country.
- Tilak started the Home Rule League on 28th April 1916 with its headquarters at Poona.
- Home Rule League was founded by Annie Besant on 15 September 1916 with its headquarter at Adyar near Madras.
- Even though Annie Besant was associated with the Theosophical Society, she was not its founder. It was founded by Madame Blavatsky and Henry Olcott.
- It is important to note that Annie Besant became the first woman President of the Indian National Congress in 1917, Calcutta Session.
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